Please answer a question about the following article about Alps:

Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.

What was used in the mid-19th century to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains?
theory of geosynclines