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The Stanford Question Answering Dataset

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Islamism

The Stanford Question Answering Dataset

Islamism, also known as Political Islam (Arabic: إسلام سياسي‎ islām siyāsī), is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life." Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a. The different Islamist movements have been described as "oscillating between two poles": at one end is a strategy of Islamization of society through state power seized by revolution or invasion; at the other "reformist" pole Islamists work to Islamize society gradually "from the bottom up". The movements have "arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" according to one journalist (Robin Wright).

What is an Islamic revival movement?

  • Ground Truth Answers: IslamismIslamismIslamism

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What aspects of life does Islamism seek to integrate itself into?

  • Ground Truth Answers: all spheres of life.all spheres of lifeall spheres

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What goal does Islamism have when it comes to society and government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: reorderingreordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'areordering

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What have the two different Islamist movements been described as oscillating between?

  • Ground Truth Answers: polestwo polespoles

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One strategy of Islamization is to seize power by what methods?

  • Ground Truth Answers: revolution or invasionrevolution or invasionrevolution

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What is a non-Islamic revival movement?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What aspects of life does Islamism not seek to integrate itself into?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What goal does Islamism not have when it comes to society and government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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One strategy of Islamization is to not seize power by what methods?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état in past. The Islamist groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine participate in democratic and political process as well as armed attacks, seeking to abolish the state of Israel. Radical Islamist organizations like al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and groups such as the Taliban, entirely reject democracy, often declaring as kuffar those Muslims who support it (see takfirism), as well as calling for violent/offensive jihad or urging and conducting attacks on a religious basis.

What process do moderate and reformist Islamists work within the boundaries of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: democraticdemocratic processdemocratic

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Where does Hamas originate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: PalestinePalestinePalestine

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What is the goal of Islamist groups like Hezbollah and Hamas?

  • Ground Truth Answers: abolish the state of Israelabolish the state of Israelabolish the state of Israel

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What do radical Islamist organizations reject entirely?

  • Ground Truth Answers: democracydemocracydemocracy

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On what basis do the radical Islamist organizations conduct their attacks?

  • Ground Truth Answers: religiousreligiousreligious

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What process do moderate and reformist Islamists not work within the boundaries of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Where does Pamas originate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What is the goal of non-Islamist groups like Hezbollah and Hamas?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What do radical Islamist organizations accept entirely?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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On what basis do the radical non-Islamist organizations conduct their attacks?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century" when the Muslim Brotherhood movement and its focus on Islamisation of pan-Arabism was eclipsed by the Salafi movement with its emphasis on "sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions," and rejection of Shia Islam. Following the Arab Spring, Roy has described Islamism as "increasingly interdependent" with democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world, such that "neither can now survive without the other." While Islamist political culture itself may not be democratic, Islamists need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy. At the same time, their popularity is such that no government can call itself democratic that excludes mainstream Islamist groups.

What exists between fundamentalist Islamism and reformist Islamism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: major divisionmajor divisiondivision

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What did Olivier Roy state underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Sunni pan-IslamismSunni pan-IslamismSunni pan-Islamism

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What did the Salafi movement put emphasis on?

  • Ground Truth Answers: sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,shariasharia

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What has Islamism been increasingly interdependent with following the Arab Spring?

  • Ground Truth Answers: democracydemocracydemocracy

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Why do Islamists need democratic elections?

  • Ground Truth Answers: to maintain their legitimacyto maintain their legitimacyto maintain their legitimacy

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What exists between fundamentalist Islamism and non-reformist Islamism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What did Olivier Roy state underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 21st century?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What did the non-Salafi movement put emphasis on?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What has Islamism been increasingly interdependent with following the non-Arab Spring?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Why don't Islamists need democratic elections?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideology include Fred Halliday, John Esposito and Muslim intellectuals like Javed Ahmad Ghamidi. Hayri Abaza argues the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support illiberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates who seek to separate religion from politics.

What type of role that Islamism seeks makes it a somewhat controversial concept?

  • Ground Truth Answers: politicalpoliticalpolitical

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What do supporters of Islamism believe their views reflect?

  • Ground Truth Answers: IslamIslamIslam

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The idea that Islam can be apolitical isn't able to be embraced by whom?

  • Ground Truth Answers: its supportersScholars and observersIslamism

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What does the inability to separate Islam from Islamism lead many in the West to support?

  • Ground Truth Answers: illiberal Islamic regimesilliberal Islamic regimesilliberal Islamic regimes

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What do progressive moderates of Islam seek to separate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: religion from politicsreligion from politicsreligion from politics

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What type of role that Islamism seeks makes it not a controversial concept?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What don't supporters of Islamism believe their views reflect?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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The idea that Islam can't be apolitical isn't able to be embraced by whom?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What does the inability to separate Islam from Islamism lead many in the Eest to support?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What don't progressive moderates of Islam seek to separate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Group maintains that "the conception of 'political Islam'" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam was a historical fluke of the "short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", and it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism, that requires explanation.

What term do Islamists think should be applied to them?

  • Ground Truth Answers: MuslimsMuslims

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What does a writer for the International Crisis Group think the concept of political Islam is a creation of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: AmericansAmericansAmericans

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What was apolitical Islam?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a historical flukepolitical Islamhistorical fluke

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When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: between 1945 and 1970between 1945 and 1970between 1945 and 1970

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What, rather than Islamism, requires explanation?

  • Ground Truth Answers: non-political Islamquietist/non-political Islamquietist/non-political Islam

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What term don't Islamists think should be applied to them?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What does a writer for the International Crisis Group think the concept of political Islam is not a creation of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What wasn't apolitical Islam?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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When was the heyday of secular non-Arab nationalism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What, rather than Islamism, requires no explanation?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition, which Islamists were correctly seen as opposing. The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union, and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige, "experience, ideology, and weapons", and had considerable impact.

When did Western governments support fledgling Islamists?

  • Ground Truth Answers: During the 1970sthe 1970s1970s

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What did some of the Islamist groups supported by the West later become to be seen as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: dangerous enemiesdangerous enemiesdangerous enemies

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Western governments considered Islamists to be the lesser of two evils when compared to whom?

  • Ground Truth Answers: leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/oppositionleftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/oppositioncommunist

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Who did the US provide aid to, to fight against the Soviet Union?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistanmujahideenmujahideen Muslim Afghanistan

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What did the non-Afghan veterans returning home have in addition to their prestige?

  • Ground Truth Answers: considerable impactexperience, ideology, and weaponsexperience, ideology, and weapons

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When did Eastern governments support fledgling Islamists?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What did some of the Islamist groups supported by the East later become to be seen as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Western governments considered Islamists to be the worse of two evils when compared to whom?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Who did the US refuse aid to, to fight against the Soviet Union?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What did the non-Afghan veterans returning home not have in addition to their prestige?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Egyptian President Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel – released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his struggle against leftists. His "encouraging of the emergence of the Islamist movement" was said to have been "imitated by many other Muslim leaders in the years that followed."  This "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists broke down in 1975 but not before Islamists came to completely dominate university student unions. Sadat was later assassinated and a formidable insurgency was formed in Egypt in the 1990s. The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers "in the hope of channeling Muslim energies into zones of piety and charity."

Who is the President of Egypt?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Anwar SadatAnwar SadatAnwar Sadat

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What relationship with Israel is Sadat for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: peacepeace

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What was Sadat seeking by releasing Islamists from prison?

  • Ground Truth Answers: political supportmaking peace with Israelpolitical support

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When did the so called gentlemen's agreement between Sadat and the Islamists break down?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 197519751975

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How was Sadat rewarded by the Islamists for his attempts to bring Egypt into modern times and civilization?

  • Ground Truth Answers: assassinatedIslamists came to completely dominate university student unionsassassinated

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Who is the President of Afghanistan?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What relationship with Israel is Sadat against?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What was Sadat not seeking by releasing Islamists from prison?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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When did the so called gentlemen's agreement between Sadat and the Islamists not break down?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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How was Sadat rewarded by the Islamists for his attempts to keep Egypt from being in modern times and civilization?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the horrible wars of the 20th century," that Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were infidels, etc. While this effort has by no means converted all, or even most Muslims to the Wahhabist interpretation of Islam, it has done much to overwhelm more moderate local interpretations, and has set the Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the "gold standard" of religion in minds of some or many Muslims.

What type of interpretation of Islam does Salafism promote?

  • Ground Truth Answers: conservativestrict, conservativestrict, conservative

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What does Salafism in its harshest form encourage its followers to view the religion of others with?

  • Ground Truth Answers: hatehate them for their religionhate them for their religion

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Salafism posits that democracy is responsible for what type of horrible events of the 20th century?

  • Ground Truth Answers: warshorrible warsall the horrible wars

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Conservative Islam classifies Muslims who follow Shia interpretation as what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: infidelsinfidelsinfidels

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What interpretation of Islam is, for many of the adherents, the "gold standard" of their religion?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Saudithe Saudi-interpretationSaudi

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What type of interpretation of Islam does Salafism discourage?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What does Salafism in its harshest form discourage its followers to view the religion of others with?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Salafism posits that democracy is responsible for what type of horrible events of the 21st century?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Conservative Islam classifies non-Muslims who follow Shia interpretation as what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What interpretation of Islam is, for many of the adherents, not the "gold standard" of their religion?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups." All this compares very favourably against incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice is limited to rhetoric.

What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?

  • Ground Truth Answers: IslamistIslamistIslamist

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What type of assistance to out of town students is the Muslim Brotherhood known for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: housingshelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistanceshelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance

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Why has the Muslim Brotherhood facilitated inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies?

  • Ground Truth Answers: avoid prohibitively costly dowry demandsto avoid prohibitively costly dowry demandsavoid prohibitively costly dowry demands

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The Muslim Brotherhood's competence compares well against what type of local governments?

  • Ground Truth Answers: incompetent, inefficient, or neglectfulincompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governmentsincompetent, inefficient, or neglectful

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What are incompetent government's commitment to social justice limited to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: rhetoricrhetoricrhetoric

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What type of movement is the non-Muslim Brotherhood?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What type of assistance to out of town students is the non-Muslim Brotherhood known for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Why has the Muslim Brotherhood not facilitated inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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The Muslim Brotherhood's competence does not compare against what type of local governments?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What are incompetent government's commitment to social justice not limited to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvement in World War I and remained in close touch with Muslim political leaders such as Muhammad Ali Johar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress. Iqbal's seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. These lectures dwell on the role of Islam as a religion as well as a political and legal philosophy in the modern age.

What was Iqbal studying in England and Germany?

  • Ground Truth Answers: law and philosophylaw and philosophylaw and philosophy

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What organization did Iqbal join in London?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the All India Muslim LeagueAll India Muslim LeagueAll India Muslim League

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What year did Iqbal return to Lahore?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 190819081908

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Who was Iqbal a critic of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congressmainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congressmainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress

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What book was Iqbal's seven English lectures published as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in IslamThe Reconstruction of Religious Thought in IslamThe Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam

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What was Iqbal studying in Ireland?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What organization did Iqbal join in France?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What year did Iqbal leave Lahore?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Who was Iqbal a supporter of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What book was Iqbal's eight English lectures published as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted ideas of greater Islamic political co-operation and unity, calling for the shedding of nationalist differences. Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930 at its session in Allahabad as well as for the session in Lahore in 1932. In his Allahabad Address on 29 December 1930, Iqbal outlined a vision of an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces in northwestern India. This address later inspired the Pakistan movement.

What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society?

  • Ground Truth Answers: secularism and secular nationalismsecularism and secular nationalismsecularism

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Iqbal worried that India's mostly Hindu population would do what to Muslim heritage and culture?

  • Ground Truth Answers: crowd outcrowd out Muslim heritagecrowd out

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When Iqbal promoted ideas of greater Islamic political unity, what did he encourage ending?

  • Ground Truth Answers: nationalist differencesnationalist differencesnationalist differences

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When was Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 193019301930

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What did Iqbal's Allahabad address inspire?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Pakistan movementthe Pakistan movementPakistan movement

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What did Iqbal fear would strengthen the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Iqbal worried that India's mostly Hindu population would not do what to Muslim heritage and culture?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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When Iqbal promoted ideas of greater Islamic political unity, what did he discourage ending?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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When was Iqbal elected vice president of the Muslim League?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What did Iqbal's Allahabad address not inspire?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose "Islamization of Knowledge" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.

Who was an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Sayyid Abul Ala MaududiSayyid Abul Ala MaududiSayyid Abul Ala Maududi

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Maududi was trained as a lawyer, but chose what professional for himself instead?

  • Ground Truth Answers: journalismjournalismjournalism

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When did Maududi found the Jamaat-e-Islami party?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 194119411941

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Who was an important early figure in the Islamic revival in India?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Sayyid Abul Ala MaududiSayyid Abul Ala MaududiSayyid Abul Ala Maududi

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Though trained as a lawyer, what profession did Maududi pursue instead?

  • Ground Truth Answers: journalismjournalismjournalism

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Where did Maududi exert the most impact?

  • Ground Truth Answers: through his writingwritingwriting

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Where did Maududi's books place Islam?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a modern contexta modern contextmodern context

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Who was not an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Maududi was trained as a lawyer, but chose what religion for himself instead?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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When did Maududi leave the Jamaat-e-Islami party?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Where did Maududi exert the least impact?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Where did Maududi's books not place Islam?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state. This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate). Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolution, by "revolution" he meant not the violence or populist policies of the Iranian Revolution, but the gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah.

What did Maududi believe Muslim society could not be Islamic in the absence of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ShariaShariaSharia

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Maududi believed that Islam needed what to be established?

  • Ground Truth Answers: an Islamic statean Islamic statean Islamic state

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What is the English translation of tawhid?

  • Ground Truth Answers: unity of Godunity of Godunity of God

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What type of revolution did Maududi advocate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: gradualIslamic revolutiongradual

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By what method did Maududi want to change the hearts and minds of individuals?

  • Ground Truth Answers: an educational processan educational process or da'waheducational process or da'wah

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What did Maududi believe Muslim society could be Islamic in the absence of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Maududi believed that Islam needed what to not be established?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What is the French translation of tawhid?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What type of revolution did Maududi not advocate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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By what method did Maududi not want to change the hearts and minds of individuals?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto "the Qur'an is our constitution," it sought Islamic revival through preaching and also by providing basic community services including schools, mosques, and workshops. Like Maududi, Al Banna believed in the necessity of government rule based on Shariah law implemented gradually and by persuasion, and of eliminating all imperialist influence in the Muslim world.

When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 192819281928

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Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Ismailiyah, EgyptIsmailiyah, EgyptEgypt

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Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Hassan al BannaHassan al BannaHassan al Banna

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The motto of the Muslim Brotherhood specifies what as being their constitution?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the Qur'anthe Qur'anQur'an

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What influence did Al Banna wish to eliminate from the Muslim world?

  • Ground Truth Answers: imperialistimperialist influenceimperialist

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When was the non-Muslim Brotherhood founded?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Where was the non-Muslim Brotherhood founded?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier. The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt and has been banned several times, in 1948 and several years later following confrontations with Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser, who jailed thousands of members for several years.

Some elements of the Brotherhood directed what action against the government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: violenceviolenceviolence

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When was Al-Banna assassinated?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 194919491949

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Who was Al-Banna's assassination a retaliation for the prior assassination of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami NaqrashiMahmud Fami NaqrashiMahmud Fami Naqrashi

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When was the Brotherhood first banned in Egypt?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 194819481948

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What Egyptian president jailed thousands of members of the Brotherhood?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Gamal Abdul NasserGamal Abdul NasserGamal Abdul Nasser

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Some elements of the Brotherhood did not direct what action against the government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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When was Al-Banna born?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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Who wasn't Al-Banna's assassination a retaliation for the prior assassination of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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When was the Brotherhood first accepted in Egypt?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

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What Egyptian president jailed hundreds of members of the Brotherhood?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections. In the Egyptian parliamentary election, 2011–2012, the political parties identified as "Islamist" (the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party, Salafi Al-Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi, an Islamist democrat of Muslim Brotherhood, was the first democratically elected president of Egypt. He was deposed during the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.

What status has the Brotherhood obtained in the Islamic world?

  • Ground Truth Answers: one of the most influential movementsone of the most influential movementsone of the most influential

  • Prediction:

For many years, what was the Brotherhood described as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: "semi-legal"semi-legalsemi-legal

  • Prediction:

The Brotherhood was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do what during elections?

  • Ground Truth Answers: field candidatesfield candidatesfield candidates

  • Prediction:

What percentage of seats did political parties identifying as Islamist win in the Egyptian parliamentary election of 2011-2012?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 75% of the total seats75%75%

  • Prediction:

Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Mohamed MorsiMohamed MorsiMohamed Morsi

  • Prediction:

What status has the Brotherhood obtained in the non-Islamic world?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

For many centuries, what was the Brotherhood described as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The Brotherhood was the only opposition group outside of Egypt able to do what during elections?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What percentage of seats did political parties identifying as Islamist win in the Egyptian parliamentary election of 2012-2013?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who was the first democratically elected president outside of Egypt?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism, Arab socialism, and Arab nationalism suffered, and different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements inspired by Maududi and Sayyid Qutb gained ground.

What was the defeat of the Arab troops at the hand of the Israeli troops during the Six-Day War?

  • Ground Truth Answers: quick and decisivequick and decisive defeatquick and decisive

  • Prediction:

The defeat of the Arab troops in the Six-Day War constituted what for the Arab Muslim world?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a pivotal eventa pivotal event in the Arab Muslim worldpivotal event

  • Prediction:

Secular Arab nationalism was blamed for both the defeat of Arab troops as well as what type of stagnation?

  • Ground Truth Answers: economiceconomic stagnationeconomic

  • Prediction:

What happened to the credibility of secular politics as a result of the Six-Day War?

  • Ground Truth Answers: A steep and steady declineA steep and steady declinesteep and steady decline

  • Prediction:

What gained ground when Arab nationalism suffered?

  • Ground Truth Answers: anti-democratic Islamist movementsanti-democratic Islamist movements inspired by Maududi and Sayyid Qutbanti-democratic Islamist movements

  • Prediction:

What was the defeat of the Arab troops at the hand of the Israeli troops during the Seven-Day War?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The defeat of the Arab troops in the Seven-Day War constituted what for the Arab Muslim world?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Secular Arab nationalism was blamed for both the success of Arab troops as well as what type of stagnation?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What happened to the credibility of secular politics as a result of the Eight-Day War?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What declined when Arab nationalism suffered?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law was essential to Islam, that many secular, Westernizing Muslims were actually agents of the West serving Western interests, and that the acts such as "plundering" of Muslim lands was part of a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments.

Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Ali ShariatiAli ShariatiAli Shariati

  • Prediction:

Mohammad Iqbal was what type of father to the State of Pakistan?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ideologicalideologicalideological

  • Prediction:

Where does Khomeini's beliefs fall as compared to Mawdudi and Qutb?

  • Ground Truth Answers: somewhere betweenbetweensomewhere between

  • Prediction:

Who was it essential to Islam to imitate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the Prophet MohammadProphet Mohammad and his successorsProphet Mohammad

  • Prediction:

What long term agenda was the acts of plundering Muslim lands by the West?

  • Ground Truth Answers: conspiracyWesternizing Muslimsconspiracy

  • Prediction:

Who was not the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Mohammad Iqbal was what type of enemy to the State of Pakistan?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who was it essential for Islam to not imitate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

hat long term agenda was the acts of plundering Muslim lands by the East?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations). During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, the Iranian government enjoyed something of a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni "Arab street," due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's vehement opposition to the United States and his call that Israel shall vanish.

What Republic has maintained its control of Iran?

  • Ground Truth Answers: IslamicThe Islamic RepublicIslamic

  • Prediction:

What type of sanctions has the US directed at Iran?

  • Ground Truth Answers: economiceconomiceconomic

  • Prediction:

Iran has assisted what type of groups in Iraq?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Shia terroristShia terrorist groupsShia terrorist

  • Prediction:

When did the Iranian government enjoy something of a resurgence?

  • Ground Truth Answers: During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflictthe 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict2006

  • Prediction:

Who stated he wanted Israel to vanish?

  • Ground Truth Answers: President Mahmoud AhmadinejadPresident Mahmoud AhmadinejadPresident Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

  • Prediction:

What Republic has maintained its control of Afghanistan?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What type of sanctions has Canada directed at Iran?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Iran has assisted what type of groups in China?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did the Iranian government not get a resurgence?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who stated he did not want Israel to vanish?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith. Leading this pan-Islamic effort was Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam. While the military effectiveness of these "Afghan Arabs" was marginal, an estimated 16,000 to 35,000 Muslim volunteers came from around the world came to fight in Afghanistan.

Who deployed its army into Afghanistan in 1979?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the Soviet Unionthe Soviet UnionSoviet Union

  • Prediction:

What was the Soviet Union trying to suppress with its army?

  • Ground Truth Answers: an Islamic rebellionan Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regimeIslamic rebellion

  • Prediction:

What did the conflict galvanize Muslims around the world to do?

  • Ground Truth Answers: send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faithsend aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faithsend aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith

  • Prediction:

How effective was the military use of the "Afghan Arabs"?

  • Ground Truth Answers: marginalmarginalmarginal

  • Prediction:

How many Muslims came from around the world to fight in Afghanistan?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 16,000 to 35,00016,000 to 35,00016,000 to 35,000

  • Prediction:

Who deployed its army into Iraq in 1979?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What was the Soviet Union trying to motivate with its army?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What did the conflict galvanize non-Muslims around the world to do?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How ineffective was the military use of the "Afghan Arabs"?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How many Muslims came from Iraq to fight in Afghanistan?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid. But when Saddam, secularist and Ba'athist dictator of neighboring Iraq, attacked Saudi Arabia (his enemy in the war), western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy. Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west.

What did the Gulf War inadvertently do in the early 1990s?

  • Ground Truth Answers: worked to radicalize the Islamist movementradicalize the Islamist movementradicalize the Islamist movement

  • Prediction:

Whose occupation of Kuwait did the US military personal seek to put an end to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein'sSaddam Hussein's

  • Prediction:

Up until 1990, Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining what groups?

  • Ground Truth Answers: IslamistIslamistIslamist

  • Prediction:

What monarchy did western troops protect?

  • Ground Truth Answers: SaudiSaudiSaudi

  • Prediction:

Whose puppet did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the westthe westthe west

  • Prediction:

What did the Gulf War do on purpose in the early 1990s?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Whose occupation of Kuwait did Iraq military personal seek to put an end to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Up until 1990, Saudi Arabia played an unimportant role in restraining what groups?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What monarchy did Eastern troops protect?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Whose puppet did Islamists support the Saudi regime of being?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists who attacked it (bin Laden being a prime example), and increasing aid to Islamic groups (Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups) that did not, but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced. One result of this was a campaign of attacks on government officials and tourists in Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria and Osama bin Laden's terror attacks climaxing in the 9/11 attack.

Who did the attacks resonate most with?

  • Ground Truth Answers: conservative MuslimsMuslimsconservative Muslims

  • Prediction:

Where did American troops remain stationed after Saddam's defeat?

  • Ground Truth Answers: in the kingdomin the kingdomthe kingdom

  • Prediction:

What did Saudi Arabia try to repress to compensate for its loss of stature?

  • Ground Truth Answers: domestic Islamistsdomestic Islamistsdomestic Islamists

  • Prediction:

Where did a bloody civil war break out?

  • Ground Truth Answers: AlgeriaAlgeriaAlgeria

  • Prediction:

Who masterminded many terror attacks?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Osama bin LadenOsama bin LadenOsama bin Laden

  • Prediction:

Who did the attacks resonate least with?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Where did American troops remain stationed after Saddam's win?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What did Saudi Arabia not try to repress to compensate for its loss of stature?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Where did a not-bloody civil war break out?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who did not mastermind many terror attacks?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq) did, however, develop and they pursued a more radical direction. By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals.

Whose ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Qutb'sQutbQutb's

  • Prediction:

When was Qutb executed?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 196619661966

  • Prediction:

What organization was led by Hasan al-Hudaybi?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the Brotherhoodthe BrotherhoodBrotherhood

  • Prediction:

What movements pursued a more radical direction?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Fringe or splinterFringe or splinter movementsFringe

  • Prediction:

When had the Brotherhood renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals?

  • Ground Truth Answers: By the 1970sthe 1970s1970s

  • Prediction:

Whose ideas did not become increasingly radical during his imprisonment?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When was Qutb born?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What organization was defeated by Hasan al-Hudaybi?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What movements did not pursue a more radical direction?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did the Brotherhood support violence as a means of achieving its goals?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies. Its views were outlined in a pamphlet written by Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag, in which he states:

Who took up the path of violence?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Egyptian Islamic Jihad organizationthe Egyptian Islamic Jihad organizationEgyptian Islamic Jihad

  • Prediction:

When did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinate Anwar Sadat?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 198119811981

  • Prediction:

Which leaders did the Islamic extremists attack?

  • Ground Truth Answers: apostate"apostate" leaders of Muslim states,apostate

  • Prediction:

What sin were the leaders the extremists attacked guilty of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societiesheld secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societiessecular leanings

  • Prediction:

Who wrote a pamphlet outlining the radical ideas of the extremists?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Muhammad Abd al-Salaam FaragMuhammad Abd al-Salaam FaragMuhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag

  • Prediction:

Who rejected the path of violence?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad support Anwar Sadat?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Which leaders did the Islamic extremists not attack?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What sin were the leaders the extremists attacked innocent of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who wrote a pamphlet outlining the non-radical ideas of the extremists?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mahgoub), dozens of European tourists and Egyptian bystanders, and over 100 Egyptian police. Ultimately the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful, and the major jihadi group, Jamaa Islamiya (or al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya), renounced violence in 2003. Other lesser known groups include the Islamic Liberation Party, Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra, and these groups have variously been involved in activities such as attempted assassinations of political figures, arson of video shops and attempted takeovers of government buildings.

What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya use to get its way?

  • Ground Truth Answers: violenceviolenceviolence

  • Prediction:

Over 100 Egyptian police were victims of what group's campaign of terror?

  • Ground Truth Answers: al-Gama'a al-Islamiyyaal-Gama'a al-IslamiyyaIslamic Group

  • Prediction:

How did the Islamic Group's campaign to overthrow the government turn out?

  • Ground Truth Answers: unsuccessfulunsuccessfulunsuccessful

  • Prediction:

When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence?

  • Ground Truth Answers: in 200320032003

  • Prediction:

Who has the Islamic Liberation Party attempted to assassinate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: political figurespolitical figurespolitical figures

  • Prediction:

What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya use to not get its way?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Over 300 Egyptian police were victims of what group's campaign of terror?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How did the Islamic Group's campaign to support the government turn out?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did Jamaa Islamiya accept violence?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who has the Islamic Liberation Party never attempted to assassinate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifada gathered momentum and Palestinian shopkeepers closed their shops in support of the uprising, the Brotherhood announced the formation of HAMAS ("zeal"), devoted to Jihad against Israel. Rather than being more moderate than the PLO, the 1988 Hamas charter took a more uncompromising stand, calling for the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine. It was soon competing with and then overtaking the PLO for control of the intifada. The Brotherhood's base of devout middle class found common cause with the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class such as drinking alcohol and going about without hijab.

Until 1987, what stance did the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine take towards Israel?

  • Ground Truth Answers: quiescentquiescentquiescent

  • Prediction:

What organization is devoted to Jihad against Israel?

  • Ground Truth Answers: HAMASHAMASHAMAS

  • Prediction:

What did the Hamas charter uncompromisingly encourage?

  • Ground Truth Answers: destruction of Israelthe destruction of Israeldestruction of Israel

  • Prediction:

Where does HAMAS want to establish an Islamic state?

  • Ground Truth Answers: PalestinePalestinePalestine

  • Prediction:

The Brotherhood's members are against consuming what beverage?

  • Ground Truth Answers: alcoholalcoholalcohol

  • Prediction:

Until 1987, what stance did the Muslim Brotherhood in Iraq take towards Israel?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What organization is devoted to Jihad against Iraq?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What did the Hamas charter compromisingly encourage?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Where does HAMAS not want to establish an Islamic state?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The Brotherhood's members are in support of consuming what beverage?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people in 140 suicide bombing or "martyrdom operations". In the January 2006 legislative election—its first foray into the political process—it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip, but criticized for failure to achieve its demands in the 2008-9 and 2014 Gaza Wars despite heavy destruction and significant loss of life.

What organization has continued to be a major disruptive force in Palestine?

  • Ground Truth Answers: HamasHamasHamas

  • Prediction:

How many people did Hamas kill between 2000 to 2007?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 542542542

  • Prediction:

What did Hamas win in the January 2006 legislative election?

  • Ground Truth Answers: majority of the seats,the majority of the seatsmajority of the seats

  • Prediction:

When did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 200720072007

  • Prediction:

What have Muslims praised Hamas for doing?

  • Ground Truth Answers: driving Israel out of the Gaza Stripdriving Israel out of the Gaza Stripdriving Israel out of the Gaza Strip

  • Prediction:

What organization has stopped being a major disruptive force in Palestine?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How many people did Hamas kill between 2010 to 2017?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What did Hamas lose in the January 2006 legislative election?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did Hamas keep the PLO in Gaza?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What have Muslims rejected Hamas for doing?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia. He also recruited and built a cadre of influential loyalists by placing sympathetic students in the university and military academy while serving as minister of education.

What type of regime ruled over Sudan for many years?

  • Ground Truth Answers: IslamistIslamistIslamist

  • Prediction:

Who was the leader of the Islamist regime in Sudan?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Hassan al-TurabiHassan al-TurabiHassan al-Turabi

  • Prediction:

What organization did General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invite members of to serve in his government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: National Islamic FrontNational Islamic FrontNational Islamic Front

  • Prediction:

How did Turabi build a strong economic base?

  • Ground Truth Answers: money from foreign Islamist banking systemswith money from foreign Islamist banking systemsmoney from foreign Islamist banking systems

  • Prediction:

Where did Turabi place students sympathetic to his views?

  • Ground Truth Answers: university and military academythe university and military academyuniversity and military academy

  • Prediction:

What type of regime ruled over Sudan for many decades?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What organization did General Gaafar al-Nimeiry discourage members of to serve in his government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How did Turabi build a weak economic base?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Where did Turabi place students apathetic to his views?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but strict application of sharia law, torture and mass imprisonment of the opposition, and an intensification of the long-running war in southern Sudan, once in power. The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden for a time (before 9/11), and worked to unify Islamist opposition to the American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War.

When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 198519851985

  • Prediction:

How did the party overthrow the elected government in 1989?

  • Ground Truth Answers: with the help of the militarywith the help of the militarymilitary

  • Prediction:

Though Turabi proclaimed his support for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power?

  • Ground Truth Answers: sharia lawsharia lawsharia law

  • Prediction:

Who did the NIF regime harbor prior to 9/11?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Osama bin LadenOsama bin LadenOsama bin Laden

  • Prediction:

What did the NIF try to unify Islamist opposition against?

  • Ground Truth Answers: American attack on Iraqthe American attack on IraqAmerican attack on Iraq

  • Prediction:

When was al-Nimeiry accepted?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How did the party overthrow the elected government in 1929?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Though Turabi proclaimed his rejection for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who did the NIF regime not harbor prior to 9/11?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhadj. Taking advantage of economic failure and unpopular social liberalization and secularization by the ruling leftist-nationalist FLN government, it used its preaching to advocate the establishment of a legal system following Sharia law, economic liberalization and development program, education in Arabic rather than French, and gender segregation, with women staying home to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men. The FIS won sweeping victories in local elections and it was going to win national elections in 1991 when voting was canceled by a military coup d'état.

What does the acronym FIS stand for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Front Islamique de SalutFront Islamique de SalutFront Islamique de Salut

  • Prediction:

Where was the FIS formed?

  • Ground Truth Answers: AlgeriaAlgeriaAfghanistan

  • Prediction:

When was the FIS founded?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 198919891989

  • Prediction:

One of FIS' agenda items was to force women to start doing what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: staying homestaying home to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian menstaying home

  • Prediction:

What were the national elections in 1991 canceled by?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a military coup d'étata military coup d'étata military coup d'état

  • Prediction:

What does the acronym FISS stand for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Where was the FLIS formed?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When was the FLIS founded?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

One of FIS' agenda items was to force men to start doing what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What were the national elections in 1994 canceled by?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth. In 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by communist forces collapsed, and democratic Islamist elements of mujahdeen founded the Islamic State of Afghanistan. In 1996, a more conservative and anti-democratic Islamist movement known as the Taliban rose to power, defeated most of the warlords and took over roughly 80% of Afghanistan.

Unsurprisingly, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviets in the 1980s failed to produce what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: justice and prosperityjustice and prosperityjustice and prosperity

  • Prediction:

What type of civil war was fought between political and tribal warlords?

  • Ground Truth Answers: vicious and destructivevicious and destructivecivil

  • Prediction:

What did the civil war leave the state of Afghanistan's economy in?

  • Ground Truth Answers: one of the poorest countries on earthone of the poorest countries on earthone of the poorest countries on earth

  • Prediction:

When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 199219921992

  • Prediction:

How much of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 80%roughly 80%roughly 80%

  • Prediction:

Unsurprisingly, the mujahideen's victory with the Soviets in the 1980s succeeded to produce what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What type of civil war was not fought between political and tribal warlords?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What did the civil war leave the state of Iraq economy in?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did the Democratic Republic of Iraq collapse?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How much of Iraq did the Taliban take over?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist, interested in spreading "an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs" under the label of Sharia to an entire country. Their ideology was also described as being influenced by Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden.

Thousands of madrasahs spawned what organization?

  • Ground Truth Answers: The TalibanThe TalibanTaliban

  • Prediction:

Where did support from governmental and religious groups come from?

  • Ground Truth Answers: PakistanPakistanPakistan

  • Prediction:

The Taliban was so different from other moments that they could be more accurately described as being what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: neofundamentalistIslamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalistneofundamentalist

  • Prediction:

What did the Taliban want to subject the entire country to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Shariaan idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customsSharia

  • Prediction:

Who influenced the Taliban's ideology?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Osama bin LadenOsama bin LadenOsama bin Laden

  • Prediction:

Hundreds of madrasahs spawned what organization?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Where did rejection from governmental and religious groups come from?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The Taliban was so similar to other moments that they could be more accurately described as being what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What did the Taliban want to subject a small part of the country to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who influenced the non-Taliban ideology?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islamization" or implementation of Islamic law, became a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship and Islamism became his "official state ideology". Zia ul Haq was an admirer of Mawdudi and Mawdudi's party Jamaat-e-Islami became the "regime's ideological and political arm". In Pakistan this Islamization from above was "probably" more complete "than under any other regime except those in Iran and Sudan," but Zia-ul-Haq was also criticized by many Islamists for imposing "symbols" rather than substance, and using Islamization to legitimize his means of seizing power. Unlike neighboring Iran, Zia-ul-Haq's policies were intended to "avoid revolutionary excess", and not to strain relations with his American and Persian Gulf state allies. Zia-ul-Haq was killed in 1988 but Islamization remains an important element in Pakistani society.

When was the regime in Pakistan overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq?

  • Ground Truth Answers: July 1977July 19771977

  • Prediction:

What had Bhutto planned on banning within six months, before he was overthrown?

  • Ground Truth Answers: alcohol and nightclubsalcohol and nightclubsalcohol and nightclubs

  • Prediction:

What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?

  • Ground Truth Answers: IslamismIslamismIslamism

  • Prediction:

What was Zia-ul-Haq accused of using Islamization to legitimize?

  • Ground Truth Answers: his means of seizing powerhis means of seizingseizing power

  • Prediction:

When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 198819881988

  • Prediction:

When was the regime in Pakistan accepted by General Zia-ul-Haq?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What had Bhutto planned on approving within six months, before he was overthrown?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What was Zia-ul-Haq's non-official state ideology?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What was Zia-ul-Haq supported for using Islamization to legitimize?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When was Zia-ul-Haq born?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

"The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide. As of March 2015[update], it had control over territory occupied by ten million people in Iraq and Syria, and has nominal control over small areas of Libya, Nigeria and Afghanistan. (While a self-described state, it lacks international recognition.) The group also operates or has affiliates in other parts of the world, including North Africa and South Asia.

What type of group is The Islamic State?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militantWahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant groupextremist militant

  • Prediction:

Who leads The Islamic State?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Sunni ArabsSunni ArabsSunni Arabs

  • Prediction:

What did the Islamic State proclaim itself in 2014?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a caliphatea caliphatecaliphate

  • Prediction:

How many people did the Islamic State control the territory of as of March 2015?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ten millionten millionten million

  • Prediction:

What does the Islamic State lack from the international community?

  • Ground Truth Answers: recognitioninternational recognitionrecognition

  • Prediction:

What type of group is The non-Islamic State?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who refuses to lead The Islamic State?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What did the Islamic State proclaim itself in 2015?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How many people did the Islamic State control the territory of as of February 2015?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What does the Islamic State have a surplus of from the international community?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which complained of its failure to consult and "notorious intransigence"). The group gained prominence after it drove Iraqi government forces out of key cities in western Iraq in a 2014 offensive. The group is adept at social media, posting Internet videos of beheadings of soldiers, civilians, journalists and aid workers, and is known for its destruction of cultural heritage sites. The United Nations has held ISIL responsible for human rights abuses and war crimes, and Amnesty International has reported ethnic cleansing by the group on a "historic scale". The group has been designated a terrorist organisation by the United Nations, the European Union and member states, the United States, India, Indonesia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Syria and other countries.

When did ISIL pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 200420042004

  • Prediction:

When did Western forces invade Iraq?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 2003March 2003March 200

  • Prediction:

When did the Syrian Civil War begin?

  • Ground Truth Answers: March 2011March 2011March 2011

  • Prediction:

Why did al-Qaeda tell ISIL to take a hike?

  • Ground Truth Answers: notorious intransigenceits failure to consult and "notorious intransigence"notorious intransigence

  • Prediction:

What has the United Nations designed ISIL?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a terrorist organisationa terrorist organisationterrorist organisation

  • Prediction:

When did ISIL refuse to pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did Eastern forces invade Iraq?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did the Syrian Civil War end?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What has the United Nations not claimed ISIL to be?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames "the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

What's the party's take on Muslim history?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a different viewIslam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Alidifferent view

  • Prediction:

When did the four rightly guided Caliphs die?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 7th centurythe 7th century7th century

  • Prediction:

When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 192419241924

  • Prediction:

The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate is believed to have ended what system?

  • Ground Truth Answers: true Islamicthe true Islamic systemtrue Islamic

  • Prediction:

What are colonial powers blamed for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ended the true Islamic systemworking through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürkabolition of the Ottoman Caliphate

  • Prediction:

What's the party's take on Muslim present?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did the five rightly guided Caliphs die?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When was the Ottoman Caliphate maintained?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate is believed to have started what system?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What are colonial powers praised for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence.

What type of jihad does HT avoid engaging in?

  • Ground Truth Answers: armedarmed jihadarmed

  • Prediction:

How does HT strive to amass power?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ideological struggleideological struggleideological struggle

  • Prediction:

Who specifically does HT target to change the opinion of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: elitesgovernmentelites

  • Prediction:

Where did HT fail to pull off a bloodless coup in 1974?

  • Ground Truth Answers: EgyptEgyptEgypt

  • Prediction:

What have many HT members graduated to joining?

  • Ground Truth Answers: terrorist groupsterrorist groupsterrorist groups

  • Prediction:

What type of jihad does HT prefer to engage in?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

How does HT strive to give up power?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who specifically does HT target to maintain the opinion of?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Where did HT succeed in pulling off a bloodless coup in 1974?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What have many HT members failed to to join?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein, heightened by exposés such as the 2007 Channel 4 documentary programme Undercover Mosque, has given rise to the term Londonistan. Following the 9/11 attacks, however, Abu Hamza al-Masri, the imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK to avoid internment.[citation needed]

How many Muslims are in Greater London?

  • Ground Truth Answers: over 900,000900,000over 900,000

  • Prediction:

What type of outlook do some of the Muslims in London have?

  • Ground Truth Answers: strong Islamista strong Islamist outlookIslamist

  • Prediction:

When did the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque air?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 200720072007

  • Prediction:

The perceived British policy of being hands off of its Muslim population has resulted in what derogatory term for London?

  • Ground Truth Answers: LondonistanLondonistanLondonistan

  • Prediction:

What was Abu Hamaz al-Masri charged with when he was arrested?

  • Ground Truth Answers: incitement to terrorismincitement to terrorismincitement to terrorism

  • Prediction:

How many non-Muslims are in Greater London?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What type of outlook do some of the non-Muslims in London have?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

When did the Channel 8 documentary Undercover Mosque air?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The perceived British policy of being hands off of its Muslim population has resulted in what derogatory term for France?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What was Abu Hamaz al-Masri charged with when he was freed?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism and jihadism. Christian Whiton, an official in the George W. Bush administration, called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare" aimed at undermining the ideology. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates called for establishing something similar to the defunct U.S. Information Agency, which was charged with undermining the communist ideology during the Cold War.

How long as the U.S. government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: since 2001since 20012001

  • Prediction:

What department in the U.S. spearheaded the efforts against Islamism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: StateState DepartmentState

  • Prediction:

Who called for an agency to be created to be solely focused at undermining the Islamism ideology?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Christian WhitonGeorge W. BushChristian Whiton

  • Prediction:

What position in the government does Robert Gates hold?

  • Ground Truth Answers: U.S. Defense SecretaryDefense SecretaryDefense Secretary

  • Prediction:

What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Cold War?

  • Ground Truth Answers: undermining the communist ideologyundermining the communist ideologyundermining the communist ideology

  • Prediction:

How long as the Canadian government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What department in the U.S. spearheaded the efforts to support Islamism?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

Who called for an agency to be destroyed for undermining the Islamism ideology?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What position in the government was Robert Gates fired from?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction:

What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Warm War?

  • Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>

  • Prediction: