Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire. Its name originated from the Latin word "imperium", which means to rule over large territories. Imperialism is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means". Imperialism has greatly shaped the contemporary world. It has also allowed for the rapid spread of technologies and ideas. The term imperialism has been applied to Western (and Japanese) political and economic dominance especially in Asia and Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its precise meaning continues to be debated by scholars. Some writers, such as Edward Said, use the term more broadly to describe any system of domination and subordination organised with an imperial center and a periphery.
The word imperialism has it's origins in which ancient language?
Ground Truth Answers: LatinLatinLatinLatinLatin
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By what means is imperialism usually administered?
Ground Truth Answers: military forcecolonization, use of military force, or other meanscolonization, use of military force, or other meanscolonization, use of military force, or othercolonization
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The term imperialism has been applied to western countries, and which eastern county?
Ground Truth Answers: JapanJapanJapaneseJapaneseJapan
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Imperialism is responsible for the rapid spread of what?
Ground Truth Answers: technologies and ideastechnologies and ideastechnologies and ideastechnologies and ideastechnologies and ideas.
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The word imperialism has it's origins in which modern language?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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By what means is imperialism never administered?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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In which century do most consider the beginning of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The term imperialism has never been applied to western countries, and which eastern county?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Imperialism is responsible for the slow spread of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Imperialism is defined as "A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force." Imperialism is particularly focused on the control that one group, often a state power, has on another group of people. This is often through various forms of "othering" (see other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes. There are "formal" or "informal" imperialisms. "Formal imperialism" is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule". "Informal imperialism" is less direct; however, it is still a powerful form of dominance.
Imperialism extends a country's power and what?
Ground Truth Answers: influenceinfluenceinfluenceinfluenceinfluence
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colonial rule would be considered what type of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: "Formal imperialism"formal"Formal imperialismFormal imperialismFormal
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imperialism often divides countries by using which technique?
Ground Truth Answers: otheringotheringotheringotheringothering
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Informal imperialism is still dominant; however, less what?
Ground Truth Answers: directdirectdirectdirectdirect
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Imperialism does not extend a country's power and what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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colonial rule would not be considered what type of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The process of imperialism never focused on controlling which group of people?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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imperialism often unites countries by using which technique?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Informal imperialism is still dominant; however, more what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confusedly seen to represent the policies of major powers, or simply, general-purpose aggressiveness. Further on, some writers[who?] used the term imperialism, in slightly more discriminating fashion, to mean all kinds of domination or control by a group of people over another. To clear out this confusion about the definition of imperialism one could speak of "formal" and "informal" imperialism, the first meaning physical control or "full-fledged colonial rule" while the second implied less direct rule though still containing perceivable kinds of dominance. Informal rule is generally less costly than taking over territories formally. This is because, with informal rule, the control is spread more subtly through technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts that cannot be repaid, ownership of private industries thus expanding the controlled area, or having countries agree to uneven trade agreements forcefully.
A forced trade agreement between two countries would be an example of what?
Ground Truth Answers: "informal" imperialismInformal ruleinformal" imperialismimperialism
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colonial rule, or physical occupation of a territory is an example of what kind of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: "formal"formalformalformalformal
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Some have generalized the meaning of the word imperialism down to general-purpose what?
Ground Truth Answers: aggressivenessaggressivenessaggressivenessaggressivenessaggressiveness
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Which is more costly, formal, or informal imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: informalInformal rule is generally less costlyInformal ruleformalformal
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What subtle tool can be used in an informal imperialistic situation to expand a controlled area?
Ground Truth Answers: ownership of private industriestechnological superioritytechnological superiorityownership of private industriestechnological superiority,
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A forced trade agreement between two countries is not an example of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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colonial rule, or physical occupation of a territory is not an example of what kind of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Nobody has generalized the meaning of the word imperialism down to general-purpose what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which is less costly, formal, or informal imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What subtle tool can not be used in an informal imperialistic situation to expand a controlled area?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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"The word ‘empire’ comes from the Latin word imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be ‘sovereignty’, or simply ‘rule’". The greatest distinction of an empire is through the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded. Political power grew from conquering land, however cultural and economic aspects flourished through sea and trade routes. A distinction about empires is "that although political empires were built mostly by expansion overland, economic and cultural influences spread at least as much by sea". Some of the main aspects of trade that went overseas consisted of animals and plant products. European empires in Asia and Africa "have come to be seen as the classic forms of imperialism: and indeed most books on the subject confine themselves to the European seaborne empires". European expansion caused the world to be divided by how developed and developing nation are portrayed through the world systems theory. The two main regions are the core and the periphery. The core consists of high areas of income and profit; the periphery is on the opposing side of the spectrum consisting of areas of low income and profit. These critical theories of Geo-politics have led to increased discussion of the meaning and impact of imperialism on the modern post-colonial world. The Russian leader Lenin suggested that "imperialism was the highest form of capitalism, claiming that imperialism developed after colonialism, and was distinguished from colonialism by monopoly capitalism". This idea from Lenin stresses how important new political world order has become in our modern era. Geopolitics now focuses on states becoming major economic players in the market; some states today are viewed as empires due to their political and economic authority over other nations.
The amount of land a country controls is its greatest what?
Ground Truth Answers: distinctiondistinctiondistinctiondistinctiondistinction
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Western Imperialism divided the globe according to which theory?
Ground Truth Answers: the world systems theoryworld systems theoryworld systems theory.world systems theory
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Who suggested that imperialism was the "highest" form of capitalism?
Ground Truth Answers: LeninLeninLenin
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One country's authority over a number of others would constitute the original country as what?
Ground Truth Answers: empiresempires
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Most imperialism was carried out using which method of transport?
Ground Truth Answers: seabornelandsea and trade routessea
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The amount of land a country controls is its worst what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Western Imperialism united the globe according to which theory?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who suggested that imperialism was the "lowest" form of capitalism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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One country's authority over no others would constitute the original country as what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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No imperialism was carried out using which method of transport?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The term "imperialism" is often conflated with "colonialism", however many scholars have argued that each have their own distinct definition. Imperialism and colonialism have been used in order to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person or group of people. Robert Young writes that while imperialism operates from the center, is a state policy and is developed for ideological as well as financial reasons, colonialism is simply the development for settlement or commercial intentions. Colonialism in modern usage also tends to imply a degree of geographic separation between the colony and the imperial power. Particularly, Edward Said distinguishes the difference between imperialism and colonialism by stating; "imperialism involved 'the practice, the theory and the attitudes of a dominating metropolitan center ruling a distant territory', while colonialism refers to the 'implanting of settlements on a distant territory.' Contiguous land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman are generally excluded from discussions of colonialism.:116 Thus it can be said that imperialism includes some form of colonialism, but colonialism itself does not automatically imply imperialism, as it lacks a political focus.[further explanation needed]
Imperialism is confused with what other term?
Ground Truth Answers: colonialismcolonialismcolonialismcolonialismcolonialism
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What does colonialism lack that imperialism has?
Ground Truth Answers: political focuspolitical focuspolitical focuspolitical focusideological
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Colonialism as a policy is caused by financial and what other reasons?
Ground Truth Answers: ideologicalideologicalideologicalcommercial
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Who besides the Russians are often left out of the colonialism debat?
Ground Truth Answers: OttomanOttomanOttomanOttomanOttoman
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Imperialism and colonialism both assert a states dominance over what?
Ground Truth Answers: person or group of peoplea person or group of peoplea person or group of peopleperson or group of people
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Imperialism is synonymous with what other term?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What does colonialism and imperialism share?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Colonialism as a policy is never caused by financial and what other reasons?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who besides the Russians are often included in the colonialism debat?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Imperialism and colonialism don't assert a states dominance over what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Imperialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control, yet scholars sometimes find it difficult to illustrate the difference between the two. Although imperialism and colonialism focus on the suppression of an other, if colonialism refers to the process of a country taking physical control of another, imperialism refers to the political and monetary dominance, either formally or informally. Colonialism is seen to be the architect deciding how to start dominating areas and then imperialism can be seen as creating the idea behind conquest cooperating with colonialism. Colonialism is when the imperial nation begins a conquest over an area and then eventually is able to rule over the areas the previous nation had controlled. Colonialism's core meaning is the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefits from the spoils of the war. The meaning of imperialism is to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism is the builder and preserver of the colonial possessions in an area by a population coming from a foreign region. Colonialism can completely change the existing social structure, physical structure and economics of an area; it is not unusual that the characteristics of the conquering peoples are inherited by the conquered indigenous populations.
Political advantage is an attribute of which state policies?
Ground Truth Answers: Imperialism and colonialismImperialism and colonialismImperialism and colonialismImperialism and colonialism
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Colonialism often means a country doing what?
Ground Truth Answers: taking physical control of anothera conquest over an areathe process of a country taking physical control of anotherdominating areascountry taking physical control of another
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How would one create an empire by means of Imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: conquering the other state's landsconquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominanceby conquering the other state's landspolitical and monetary dominance
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what do conquering people pass down to native populations?
Ground Truth Answers: characteristicscharacteristics of the conquering peoplescharacteristics of the conquering peoplesthe characteristics of the conquering peoplescharacteristics
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What is colonialism's core meaning?
Ground Truth Answers: exploitationthe exploitation of the valuable assets and suppliesthe exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conqueredexploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefitsexploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered
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Political disadvantage is an attribute of which state policies?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Colonialism never means a country doing what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How would one create an empire by means of non-Imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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what do conquering people take away from native populations?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What is colonialism's antithesis?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson identifies this justification on general grounds as: "It is desirable that the earth should be peopled, governed, and developed, as far as possible, by the races which can do this work best, i.e. by the races of highest 'social efficiency'". Many others argued that imperialism is justified for several different reasons. Friedrich Ratzel believed that in order for a state to survive, imperialism was needed. Halford Mackinder felt that Great Britain needed to be one of the greatest imperialists and therefore justified imperialism. The purportedly scientific nature of "Social Darwinism" and a theory of races formed a supposedly rational justification for imperialism. The rhetoric of colonizers being racially superior appears to have achieved its purpose, for example throughout Latin America "whiteness" is still prized today and various forms of blanqueamiento (whitening) are common.
what is the most controversial aspect of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: empire-buildingdefense and justification of empire-buildingis the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational groundsdefense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational groundsdefense and justification of empire-building
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J. A. Hobson wanted which races to develop the world?
Ground Truth Answers: highest 'social efficiency'highest 'social efficiency'the races of highest 'social efficiency'"of highest 'social efficiencyraces of highest 'social efficiency'"
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Friedrich Ratzel thought what was needed for a state to survive?
Ground Truth Answers: imperialismimperialismimperialismimperialismimperialism
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Which theory justifies imperialism in part?
Ground Truth Answers: theory of racesSocial DarwinismSocial DarwinismSocial Darwinism
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In Latin America what is the most revered skin color?
Ground Truth Answers: whitenesswhitenesswhitenesswhitenesswhiteness
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what is the least controversial aspect of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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J. A. Hobson didn't want which races to develop the world?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Friedrich Ratzel thought what was not needed for a state to survive?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which theory does not justify imperialism in part?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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In America what is the most revered skin color?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries. These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism. Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state’s survival while Mackinder supported Britain’s imperial expansion; these two arguments dominated the discipline for decades.
Where was Friedrich Ratzel born?
Ground Truth Answers: GermanyGermanyGermanyGermanyGermany
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Where was Halford Mackinder born?
Ground Truth Answers: BritainBritainBritainBritainBritain
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Halford Mackinder and Friedrich Ratzel where what kind of geographers?
Ground Truth Answers: PoliticalPoliticalPoliticalPoliticalPolitical
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Friedrich Ratzel thought imperialism was what for the country?
Ground Truth Answers: geographical societies in Europenecessary for a state’s survivalsurvivalnecessarynecessary
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How would the geographical societies in Europe support certain travelers?
Ground Truth Answers: fundfund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveriesfund travelersable to fund travelersfund
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Where did Friedrich Ratzel work?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Where did Halford Mackinder work?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Halford Mackinder and Friedrich Ratzel where what kind of philosophers?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Friedrich Ratzel thought imperialism was not what for the country?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How would the geographical societies in Europe reject certain travelers?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance. For instance, American geographer Ellen Churchill Semple argued that even though human beings originated in the tropics they were only able to become fully human in the temperate zone. Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said’s Orientalism as the west’s construction of the east as the “other”. According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as the superior and the norm, which justified its dominance over the essentialized Orient.
Which theory suggested people in the tropics were uncivilized?
Ground Truth Answers: environmental determinismenvironmental determinismenvironmental determinismenvironmental determinismenvironmental determinism
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According to Ellen Churchill Semple what type of climate was necessary for humans to become fully human?
Ground Truth Answers: temperatetemperate zonethe temperate zonetemperate zonetemperate
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Which book by Edward Said portrayed the east as being the "others?"
Ground Truth Answers: OrientalismOrientalismOrientalismOrientalismOrientalism
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According to certain Geographical theories what type of human does a tropical climate produce?
Ground Truth Answers: uncivilizeduncivilizedfully humanuncivilized peopleuncivilized
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By justification certain racial and geographical theories, Europe thought of itself as what?
Ground Truth Answers: superiorsuperiorthe superior and the normsuperiorsuperior
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Which theory suggested people in the tropics were civilized?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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According to Ellen Churchill Semple what type of climate was unnecessary for humans to become fully human?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which book by Edward Said portrayed the west as being the "others?"
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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According to certain Geographical theories what type of human does a non-tropical climate produce?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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By justification certain racial and geographical theories, Asia thought of itself as what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire "during the last generation, and proceeds rather by diagnosis than by historical description". British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius (Latin expression which stems from Roman law meaning 'empty land'). The country of Australia serves as a case study in relation to British settlement and colonial rule of the continent in the eighteenth century, as it was premised on terra nullius, and its settlers considered it unused by its sparse Aboriginal inhabitants.
Imperialism is most often associated with which sovereignty?
Ground Truth Answers: the British EmpireTerra nulliusthe British EmpireBritish EmpireBritish
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What law justified British imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: Terra nulliusTerra nulliusTerra nulliusTerra nullius
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What were the native inhabitants of Australia called?
Ground Truth Answers: AboriginalAboriginalAboriginal inhabitantsAboriginal
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When did Great Britain colonize Australia?
Ground Truth Answers: the eighteenth centuryeighteenth centuryeighteenth centuryeighteenth centuryeighteenth century,
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Terra Nullius is a Latin expression meaning what in English?
Ground Truth Answers: empty landempty landempty landempty land'empty land'
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Imperialism is less often associated with which sovereignty?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What law did not justify British imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What were the non-native inhabitants of Australia called?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did Great Britain colonize outside of Australia?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Terra Nullius is a French expression meaning what in English?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Orientalism, as theorized by Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East. This imaginative geography relies on an essentializing discourse that represents neither the diversity nor the social reality of the East. Rather, by essentializing the East, this discourse uses the idea of place-based identities to create difference and distance between "we" the West and "them" the East, or "here" in the West and "there" in the East. This difference was particularly apparent in textual and visual works of early European studies of the Orient that positioned the East as irrational and backward in opposition to the rational and progressive West. Defining the East as a negative vision of itself, as its inferior, not only increased the West’s sense of self, but also was a way of ordering the East and making it known to the West so that it could be dominated and controlled. The discourse of Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism, as it formed a body of knowledge and ideas that rationalized social, cultural, political, and economic control of other territories.
Orientalism refers to how the West developed a what of the East?
Ground Truth Answers: an imaginative geographyimaginative geographyimaginative geographyimaginative geographyimaginative geography
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Early Western texts referencing the East describe the people as being what?
Ground Truth Answers: irrational and backwardthemas irrational and backwardirrational and backwardirrational and backward
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The West saw the East as what?
Ground Truth Answers: inferiorirrational and backwardits inferiorirrational and backwardinferior
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What was used by the West to justify control over eastern territories?
Ground Truth Answers: OrientalisminferiorDefining the East as a negative vision of itselfOrientalismOrientalism
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The West saw themselves as what compared to the east?
Ground Truth Answers: progressiverational and progressiverational and progressiverational and progressive
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Orientalism refers to how the South developed a what of the North?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Early Western texts referencing the North describe the people as being what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The North saw the South as what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was used by the North to justify control over western territories?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The North saw themselves as what compared to the east?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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To better illustrate this idea, Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps during the "scramble for Africa". He states that maps "contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa". During his analysis of nineteenth-century cartographic techniques, he highlights the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory. This provided incentives for imperial and colonial powers to obtain "information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps".
bassett focuses on what to illustrate his idea?
Ground Truth Answers: nineteenth-century mapsnineteenth-century mapsthe role of nineteenth-century mapsthe role of nineteenth-century mapsthe role of nineteenth-century maps during the "scramble for Africa"
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What provided an incentive to western empires to colonize Africa?
Ground Truth Answers: blank spaces on contemporary mapsfill in blank spaces on contemporary mapsmapsmapsblank space
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What were blank spaces used for on nineteenth-century maps?
Ground Truth Answers: unexplored territoryunknown or unexplored territoryunknown or unexplored territoryto denote unknown or unexplored territoryunknown or unexplored territory
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What did Basset analyze before coming to his conclusions?
Ground Truth Answers: nineteenth-century cartographic techniquesnineteenth-century mapsnineteenth-century cartographic techniquesnineteenth-century mapsrole of nineteenth-century maps
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Who besides the british colonized Africa?
Ground Truth Answers: FrenchFrenchFrenchFrenchFrench
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bassett doesn't focus on what to illustrate his idea?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What provided an incentive to eastern empires to colonize Africa?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What did Basset analyze after coming to his conclusions?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who besides the british colonized Asia?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Imperialism has played an important role in the histories of Japan, Korea, the Assyrian Empire, the Chinese Empire, the Roman Empire, Greece, the Byzantine Empire, the Persian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Ancient Egypt, the British Empire, India, and many other empires. Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire, and of other war-lords. Historically recognized Muslim empires number in the dozens. Sub-Saharan Africa has also featured dozens of empires that predate the European colonial era, for example the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire. The Americas during the pre-Columbian era also had large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire.
Who used imperialism during their rule of the Mongol Empire?
Ground Truth Answers: Genghis KhanGenghis KhanGenghis KhanGenghis KhanGenghis Khan
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During which era did the Aztec and Incan empires thrive?
Ground Truth Answers: the pre-Columbian erapre-Columbianpre-Columbian erapre-Columbianpre-Columbian
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The Asante and Lunda Empires were in which region?
Ground Truth Answers: Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
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How many Muslim empires have used imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: dozensdozensdozensdozensdozens
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Which is older the British Empire or the Ethiopian Empire?
Ground Truth Answers: Ethiopian Empirethe Ethiopian EmpireEthiopianEthiopian
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Who didn't use imperialism during their rule of the Mongol Empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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During which era did the Aztec and Incan empires not thrive?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Asante and Lunda Empires were not in which region?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How many non-Muslim empires have used imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which is younger the French Empire or the Ethiopian Empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just "foreign" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants.
When imperialism impacts social norms of a state, what is it called?
Ground Truth Answers: Cultural imperialismCultural imperialismCultural imperialismCultural imperialismCultural imperialism
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What is Cultural Imperialism often referred to as?
Ground Truth Answers: soft powersoft powersoft powersoft powersoft power
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Which American show changed the views of Romanians during the cold war?
Ground Truth Answers: DallasDallasDallasDallasDallas
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Which historic empire used cultural imperialism to sway local elites?
Ground Truth Answers: RomanRomanRomanRomanRoman
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How do regimes fight against cultural imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: bansbans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishesbans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishesbans
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When imperialism does not impact social norms of a state, what is it called?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What is Cultural Imperialism never referred to as?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which American did not show changed the views of Romanians during the cold war?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which historic empire used cultural imperialism to sway non-local elites?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How do regimes not fight against cultural imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700, saw (generally European) industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power.[citation needed] Although imperialist practices have existed for thousands of years, the term "Age of Imperialism" generally refers to the activities of European powers from the early 18th century through to the middle of the 20th century, for example, the "The Great Game" in Persian lands, the "Scramble for Africa" and the "Open Door Policy" in China.
When did the age of Imperialism begin?
Ground Truth Answers: around 1700around 17001700around 17001700
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What were European countries doing during the 1700's?
Ground Truth Answers: colonizingprocess of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the worldcolonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political powercolonizing, influencing, and annexing
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How many years have imperialistic practices existed?
Ground Truth Answers: thousandsthousandsthousandsthousandsthousands
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When did the age of imperialism end?
Ground Truth Answers: middle of the 20th century20th century20th centurymiddle of the 20th century20th century,
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What was the name of the imperialistic policy in China?
Ground Truth Answers: Open Door PolicyOpen Door PolicyOpen Door PolicyOpen Door PolicyOpen Door Policy
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When did the age of Imperialism end?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What were European countries not doing during the 1700's?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How many years have non-imperialistic practices existed?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did the age of imperialism begin?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was the name of the non-imperialistic policy in China?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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During the 20th century, historians John Gallagher (1919–1980) and Ronald Robinson (1920–1999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism. They claim that European imperialism was influential, and Europeans rejected the notion that "imperialism" required formal, legal control by one government over another country. "In their view, historians have been mesmerized by formal empire and maps of the world with regions colored red. The bulk of British emigration, trade, and capital went to areas outside the formal British Empire. Key to their thinking is the idea of empire 'informally if possible and formally if necessary.'"[attribution needed] Because of the resources made available by imperialism, the world's economy grew significantly and became much more interconnected in the decades before World War I, making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous.
When was John Gallagher born?
Ground Truth Answers: 19191919191919191919
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When did Ronald Robinson die?
Ground Truth Answers: 19991999199919991999
Prediction:
What profession were Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher?
Ground Truth Answers: historianshistorianshistorianshistorianshistorians
Prediction:
What grew on a global scale as a result of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: the world's economyeconomyeconomyworld's economyworld's economy
Prediction:
Who was made rich and prosperous prior to World War 1
Ground Truth Answers: many imperial powersimperial powersimperial powersimperial powers
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Which historian was popular in the 21st century?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What profession did Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher not share?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What grew on a global scale as a result of non-imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who was made rich and prosperous prior to World War 2?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited the political weakness of the Mughal state, and, while military activity was important at various times, the economic and administrative incorporation of local elites was also of crucial significance" for the establishment of control over the subcontinent's resources, markets, and manpower. Although a substantial number of colonies had been designed to provide economic profit and to ship resources to home ports in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Fieldhouse suggests that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in places such as Africa and Asia, this idea is not necessarily valid:
European imperialism was focused on what?
Ground Truth Answers: economic growtheconomic growtheconomic growtheconomic growtheconomic growth
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What did European empires rely on to supply them with resources?
Ground Truth Answers: coloniescollecting resources from coloniescoloniescoloniescolonies
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When did the colonization of India occur?
Ground Truth Answers: mid-18th century18th centurymid-18th centurymid-18th centurymid-18th century
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Who did Britain exploit in India?
Ground Truth Answers: the Mughal stateMughal stateMughal stateMughal stateMughal state
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European imperialism was never focused on what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What did European empires not rely on to supply them with resources?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did the colonization of India not occur?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who did Britain not exploit in India?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was made valid in the late 19th and 20th centuries?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Along with advancements in communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology. European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms. By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon. This technology gave European armies an advantage over their opponents, as armies in less-developed countries were still fighting with arrows, swords, and leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879).
What advancements besides military technology did Europe achieve?
Ground Truth Answers: communicationcommunicationcommunicationcommunicationcommunication
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What did European chemists make that could be used in warfare?
Ground Truth Answers: deadly explosivesexplosivesexplosivesdeadly explosivesdeadly explosives
Prediction:
what was invented in 1880 that revolutionized warfare?
Ground Truth Answers: the machine gunmachine gunmachine gunmachine gunmachine gun
Prediction:
What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879?
Ground Truth Answers: arrows, swords, and leather shieldsarrows, swords, and leather shieldsarrows, swords, and leather shieldsarrows, swords, and leather shieldsarrows, swords, and leather shields
Prediction:
Which region invented the machine gun?
Ground Truth Answers: EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEurope
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What advancements besides military technology did Europe not achieve?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What didn't European chemists make that could be used in warfare?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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what was invented in 1888 that revolutionized warfare?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1880?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which region did not invent the machine gun?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on the British experience. The term "Imperialism" was originally introduced into English in its present sense in the late 1870s by opponents of the allegedly aggressive and ostentatious imperial policies of British prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. It was shortly appropriated by supporters of "imperialism" such as Joseph Chamberlain. For some, imperialism designated a policy of idealism and philanthropy; others alleged that it was characterized by political self-interest, and a growing number associated it with capitalist greed. Liberal John A. Hobson and Marxist Vladimir Lenin added a more theoretical macroeconomic connotation to the term. Lenin in particular exerted substantial influence over later Marxist conceptions of imperialism with his work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. In his writings Lenin portrayed Imperialism as a natural extension of capitalism that arose from need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower in such a way that necessitated colonial expansion. This conception of imperialism as a structural feature of capitalism is echoed by later Marxist theoreticians. Many theoreticians on the left have followed in emphasizing the structural or systemic character of "imperialism". Such writers have expanded the time period associated with the term so that it now designates neither a policy, nor a short space of decades in the late 19th century, but a world system extending over a period of centuries, often going back to Christopher Columbus and, in some accounts, to the Crusades. As the application of the term has expanded, its meaning has shifted along five distinct but often parallel axes: the moral, the economic, the systemic, the cultural, and the temporal. Those changes reflect - among other shifts in sensibility - a growing unease, even squeamishness, with the fact of power, specifically, Western power.
Theories on imperialism use which country as a model?
Ground Truth Answers: BritishBritishBritishBritish
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When did the term imperialism first come to be used by its current definition?
Ground Truth Answers: in the late 1870s1870s1870slate 1870s1870s
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What was the idealized value of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: philanthropyidealism and philanthropyphilanthropyidealism and philanthropy
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According to Lenin why must capitalistic countries have an imperialistic policy?
Ground Truth Answers: to constantly expand investmentto constantly expand investmentto constantly expand investment, material resources and manpowerneed for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpowerneed for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower in such a way that necessitated colonial expansion.
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Theories on imperialism don't use which country as a model?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When didn't the term imperialism first come to be used by its current definition?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What wasn't the idealized value of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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According to Lenin why must capitalistic countries not have an imperialistic policy?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When is the latest most Marxists claim imperialism as an extension of capitalism has its roots
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I, they remained active in the interwar years. Their combined work informed the study of imperialism and it's impact on Europe, as well as contributed to reflections on the rise of the military-political complex in the United States from the 1950s. Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation. Hobson theorized that state intervention through taxation could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order.
some debate that there is a correlation between capitalism, imperialism, and what?
Ground Truth Answers: aristocracyaristocracyaristocracyaristocracyaristocracy
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When were Joseph Schumpeter and Norman Angell at their most prolific writing period?
Ground Truth Answers: before World War IWorld War Ibefore World War Ibefore World War Ibefore World War I,
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When was the military-political complex reflected upon within the scope of understanding imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: the 1950s1950s1950s1950s1950s
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Hobson argued that imperialism was an international what?
Ground Truth Answers: diseasediseasediseasediseasedisease
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How did Hobson argue to rid the world of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: taxationremoving its economic foundationdomestic social reformsremoving its economic foundationremoving its economic foundation.
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There is some debate that there is a not correlation between capitalism, imperialism, and what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When weren't Joseph Schumpeter and Norman Angell at their most prolific writing period?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When was the military-political complex reflected upon not within the scope of understanding imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Hobson argued that imperialism wasn't an international what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How did Hobson argue to not rid the world of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples. It was believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments were seen as "less civilized" therefore justifying colonial control as a civilizing mission. Across the three waves of European colonialism (first in the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa), environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy. This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality.
What served as a justification for imposing imperialistic policies on certain peoples or regions?
Ground Truth Answers: environmental determinismenvironmental determinismenvironmental determinismenvironmental determinismenvironmental determinism
Prediction:
What was thought to decide a person's behavior?
Ground Truth Answers: the environment in which they livedenvironment in which they livedenvironmentthe environment in which they livedenvironment
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Humans in tropical environments were considered what?
Ground Truth Answers: less civilizedless civilizedless civilizedless civilizedless civilized
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Europe first colonized the Americas, then Asia, but what continent was third?
Ground Truth Answers: AfricaAfricaAfricaAfricaAfrica
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What were the two forms of environmental determinism?
Ground Truth Answers: orientalism and tropicalityorientalism and tropicalityorientalism and tropicalityorientalism and tropicalityorientalism and tropicality.
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What did not serve as a justification for imposing imperialistic policies on certain peoples or regions?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was not thought to decide a person's behavior?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Humans in tropical environments were not considered what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Europe first colonized the Americas, then Asia, but what continent was fourth?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What were the three forms of environmental determinism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires, the world could be split into climatic zones. These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy. The people of these climates were believed to be in need of guidance and intervention from the European empire to aid in the governing of a more evolved social structure; they were seen as incapable of such a feat. Similarly, orientalism is a view of a people based on their geographical location.
Who thought the world could be split into climatic zones?
Ground Truth Answers: geographic scholarsgeographic scholarsgeographic scholarsgeographic scholarsgeographic scholars
Prediction:
Which regions have temperate climates?
Ground Truth Answers: Northern Europe and the Mid-AtlanticNorthern Europe and the Mid-AtlanticNorthern Europe and the Mid-AtlanticMid-AtlanticNorthern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic
Prediction:
What did the the Europeans think the peoples in the tropics were in need of?
Ground Truth Answers: guidanceguidance and interventionguidance and interventionguidance and interventionguidance
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What was a similar view about the Asian continent called?
Ground Truth Answers: orientalismorientalismorientalismorientalismorientalism
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Who did the geographic scholars work for?
Ground Truth Answers: colonizing empirescolonizing empirescolonizing empirescolonizing empirescolonizing empires
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Who thought the world could not be split into climatic zones?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which regions have non-temperate climates?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What did the the Europeans not think the peoples in the tropics were in need of?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was a similar view about the Asian continent not called?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who did the geographic scholars not work for?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India. In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.
When is the earliest Britain had an imperialist policy?
Ground Truth Answers: the sixteenth centurysixteenth centurysixteenth centurysixteenth centurysixteenth century
Prediction:
When was the British East India Company established?
Ground Truth Answers: 15991599159915991599
Prediction:
Who chartered the British East India Company?
Ground Truth Answers: Queen ElizabethQueen ElizabethQueen ElizabethQueen ElizabethQueen Elizabeth
Prediction:
What happened to the East India Trading Company in 1767?
Ground Truth Answers: exploitationpolitical activity caused exploitationpolitical activity caused exploitationexploitationexploitation
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Which country had trading posts in India before Britain?
Ground Truth Answers: the PortuguesePortuguesePortuguesePortuguesePortuguese
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When is the latest Britain had an imperialist policy?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When was the British East India Company unestablished?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who did not charter the British East India Company?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What happened to the East India Trading Company in 1766?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which country had trading posts in India after Britain?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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France took control of Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire. As it developed, the new empire took on roles of trade with France, supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items, as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language as well as Catholicism. It also provided crucial manpower in both World Wars.
When did France take control of Algeria?
Ground Truth Answers: 18301830183018301830
Prediction:
When did France begin in earnest to rebuild its global empire?
Ground Truth Answers: 1850after 1850after 1850after 18501850
Prediction:
Where did France focus its efforts to rebuild its empire?
Ground Truth Answers: AfricaNorth and West AfricaNorth and West AfricaNorth and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South PacificNorth and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia,
Prediction:
When did French Republicans back building the French empire?
Ground Truth Answers: when Germany started to build her ownGermany started to build her own colonial empirewhen Germany started to build her own colonial empirewhen Germany started to build her own colonial empirewhen Germany started to build her own colonial empire.
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What religion did the French spread along with their imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: CatholicismCatholicismCatholicismCatholicismCatholicism
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When did France take control of London?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did France begin in earnest to build its global empire for the first time?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Where did France focus its efforts to not rebuild its empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did French Republicans back building the English empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What religion did the English spread along with their imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full citizenship rights – ‘’assimilation’’ – were offered, although in reality assimilation was always on the distant horizon. Contrasting from Britain, France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria, where French settlers nevertheless always remained a small minority.
Jules Ferry thought that the "higher races" have a duty to what?
Ground Truth Answers: civilize the inferiorcivilize the inferiorcivilize the inferiorto civilize the inferiorcivilize
Prediction:
What did France offer that was rare by imperial standards?
Ground Truth Answers: assimilationFull citizenship rightsassimilationassimilationFull citizenship rights
Prediction:
How did france differ from Britain in managing its colonies?
Ground Truth Answers: small numbers of settlerssent small numbers of settlers to its coloniessent small numbers of settlers to its colonies,sent small numbers of settlers to its coloniessmall numbers of settlers
Prediction:
The French thought bringing what would uplift other regions?
Ground Truth Answers: Christianity and French cultureChristianityChristianity and French cultureChristianity and French culture
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Where did the French send a large number of settlers?
Ground Truth Answers: AlgeriaAlgeriaAlgeriaAlgeria
Prediction:
Jules Ferry thought that the "higher races" don't have a duty to what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What did England offer that was rare by imperial standards?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How was france the same as Britain in managing its colonies?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The English thought bringing what would uplift other regions?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French leader at the time, Charles de Gaulle, decided to grant Algeria independence anyway in 1962. Its settlers and many local supporters relocated to France. Nearly all of France's colonies gained independence by 1960, but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence. It has repeatedly sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups d’état.
Where did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French run operations during World War 2?
Ground Truth Answers: overseas coloniesoverseas coloniesoverseas coloniesoverseas coloniesoverseas colonies
Prediction:
After 1945, what challenged the French empire?
Ground Truth Answers: anti-colonial movementsanti-colonial movementsanti-colonial movementsanti-colonial movementsanti-colonial movements
Prediction:
Where did France lose a war in the 1950's?
Ground Truth Answers: VietnamVietnamVietnamVietnamVietnam
Prediction:
Where did France win a war in the 1950's
Ground Truth Answers: AlgeriaAlgeriaAlgeriaAlgeriaAlgeria
Prediction:
By when did most of France's Colonies gain independence?
Ground Truth Answers: 19601960196019601960
Prediction:
Where did Charles de Gaulle and the Free English run operations during World War 2?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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After 1945, what challenged the British empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Where did France lose a war in the 1940's?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Where did France lose a war in the 1930's?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Where did France win a war in the 1970's
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire. However, there was no real systemic continuity from the Western Roman Empire to its German successor which was famously described as "not holy, not Roman, and not an empire", as a great number of small states and principalities existed in the loosely autonomous confederation. Although by 1000 CE, the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe (west of and including Italy) was complete, excluding only Muslim Iberia. There was, however, little cultural integration or national identity, and "Germany" remained largely a conceptual term referring to an amorphous area of central Europe.
Where were the Germanic tribes originally located?
Ground Truth Answers: ScandinaviaScandinavia and northern EuropeScandinavia and northern EuropeScandinavia and northern EuropeScandinavia and northern Europe,
Prediction:
When did the Germanic tribes claim territory in north and west Europe?
Ground Truth Answers: middle period of classical antiquitythe middle period of classical antiquitythe middle period of classical antiquitythe middle period of classical antiquitymiddle period of classical antiquity
Prediction:
By when did the Germanic tribes conquer the Celtic peoples?
Ground Truth Answers: 800 CEin late antiquitylate antiquitylate antiquityby 800 CE
Prediction:
What was the only region in Europe not conquered by the Germanic tribes?
Ground Truth Answers: Muslim IberiaMuslim IberiaMuslim IberiaMuslim IberiaMuslim Iberia
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Germany referred to which area more so than an actual country?
Ground Truth Answers: central Europeamorphous area of central European amorphous area of central Europecentral Europeamorphous area of central Europe.
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Where were the Germanic tribes not originally located?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
When did the Germanic tribes not claim territory in north and west Europe?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
By when did the Germanic tribes not conquer the Celtic peoples?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was the only region in Europe conquered by the Germanic tribes?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.
Germany doesn't have an imperialistic past until when?
Ground Truth Answers: late 19th centurylate 19th century19th centurylate 19th centurylate 19th century.
Prediction:
When was Otto von Bismarck born?
Ground Truth Answers: 18621862186218621862
Prediction:
When was the the second German empire founded?
Ground Truth Answers: after the Franco-German Warafter the Franco-German Warafter the Franco-German Warafter the Franco-German Warafter the Franco-German War,
Prediction:
What was Germany's central interest?
Ground Truth Answers: EuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEurope itself.
Prediction:
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Ground Truth Answers: NapoleonNapoleonthe defeat of NapoleonNapoleondefeat of Napoleon
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Germany doesn't have an imperialistic future until when?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did Otto von Bismarck die?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When was the the third German empire founded?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What wasn't Germany's central interest?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who didn't cause the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige. He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884.
Besides Africa, where did Germany have imperial interests?
Ground Truth Answers: the South PacificSouth PacificSouth PacificSouth PacificSouth Pacific
Prediction:
Colonies were a sign of what amongst European countries?
Ground Truth Answers: prestigeprestigeprestigeprestige
Prediction:
What was the name of the first German settlement?
Ground Truth Answers: New GuineaGerman New GuineaGerman New GuineaGerman New GuineaGerman New Guinea
Prediction:
When did Germany found their first settlement?
Ground Truth Answers: 18841884188418841884
Prediction:
Who influenced Bismark besides his neighbors?
Ground Truth Answers: Hamburg merchants and tradersHamburg merchants and tradersHamburg merchants and tradersHamburg merchants and traders
Prediction:
Besides Africa, where did Ireland have imperial interests?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Colonies were a sign of what amongst Asian countries?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was the name of the second German settlement?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who influenced France besides his neighbors?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands. In 1918, Japan occupied parts of far eastern Russia and parts of eastern Siberia as a participant in the Siberian Intervention. In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War, Japan had conquered much of the Far East, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean. Japan also invaded Thailand, pressuring the country into a Thai/Japanese alliance. Its colonial ambitions were ended by the victory of the United States in the Second World War and the following treaties which remanded those territories to American administration or their original owners.
When was the first Sino-Japanese War?
Ground Truth Answers: 18941894189418941894
Prediction:
What happened as a result of the Russo-Japanese War?
Ground Truth Answers: Japan took part of Sakhalin IslandJapan took part of Sakhalin Island from RussiaJapan took part of Sakhalin Island from RussiaJapan took part of Sakhalin Island from RussiaJapan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia
Prediction:
Which area of China did Japan conquer in 1931?
Ground Truth Answers: ManchuriaManchuriaManchuriaManchuriaManchuria
Prediction:
Which country did Japan force into an alliance?
Ground Truth Answers: ThailandThailandThailandThailandThailand
Prediction:
When was the last Sino-Japanese War?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What didn't happen as a result of the Russo-Japanese War?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Which area of China did Japan conquer in 1935?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Which country did Japan not force into an alliance?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization" [korenizatsiia] was intended to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework. Never formally revoked, it stopped being implemented after 1932. After World War II, the Soviet Union installed socialist regimes modeled on those it had installed in 1919–20 in the old Tsarist Empire in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China supported post–World War II communist movements in foreign nations and colonies to advance their own interests, but were not always successful.
Who along with Russia supported post WW-II communist movements?
Ground Truth Answers: ChinaPeople’s Republic of Chinathe People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China
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When was the Russian Policy "Indigenization" defunded?
Ground Truth Answers: 19321932193219321932
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Who asserted Russia's right to "self-determination?"
Ground Truth Answers: LeninLeninLeninLeninLenin
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After WW-II where did Russia apply its old Tsarist regimes?
Ground Truth Answers: Eastern EuropeEastern Europein areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe1919–20Eastern Europe
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Who had established the Russian empire to its former glory prior to 1921?
Ground Truth Answers: Bolshevik leadersBolshevik leadersBolshevik leadersBolshevik leaders
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Who along with Russia supported post WW-I communist movements?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When was the Russian Policy "Indigenization" funded?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who did not assert Russia's right to "self-determination?"
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.
Trotsky thought what was needed for a true Russian revolution.
Ground Truth Answers: a world revolutionworld revolutiona world revolutiona world revolutionworld revolution.
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Who wrote that imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism?
Ground Truth Answers: LeninLeninLeninLeninLenin
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What policy did Stalin implement shortly after Lenin's Death?
Ground Truth Answers: socialism in one countrysocialismsocialismsocialismsocialism in one country'
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Who was the leader of Russia in the 1960's?
Ground Truth Answers: Nikita KhrushchevNikita KhrushchevNikita KhrushchevNikita KhrushchevKhrushchev
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Who argued that the USSR had itself become an imperialist power?
Ground Truth Answers: Mao ZedongMao ZedongMao ZedongMao ZedongSultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai
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Trotsky thought what was not needed for a true Russian revolution.
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who wrote that imperialism is the lowest stage of capitalism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What policy did Stalin implement shortly after Lenin's birth?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through control of trade and finance in Latin America after the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820. By the 1840s, Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of free trade that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world. After losing its first Empire to the Americans, Britain then turned its attention towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain enjoyed a century of almost unchallenged dominance and expanded its imperial holdings around the globe. Increasing degrees of internal autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies in the 20th century.
What was the first British empire based on?
Ground Truth Answers: mercantilismmercantilismmercantilismmercantilismmercantilism
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When did Great Britain lose its colonies in North America?
Ground Truth Answers: 17761776177617761776
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When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance.
Ground Truth Answers: about 18201820182018201820
Prediction:
What policy gave Britain dominance in world trade?
Ground Truth Answers: free tradefree tradefree tradefree tradefree trade
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When was the defeat of Napoleonic France?
Ground Truth Answers: 18151815181518151815
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What wasn't the first British empire based on?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did Great Britain gain its colonies in North America?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies lose their independance.
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What policy took away Britain dominance in world trade?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race formed an ideological underpinning during this time. Other influential spokesmen included Lord Cromer, Lord Curzon, General Kitchner, Lord Milner, and the writer Rudyard Kipling. The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population. Its power, both military and economic, remained unmatched.
By the late 19th century, which country had the largest empire ever to exist in the world?
Ground Truth Answers: The British EmpireBritish EmpireThe BritishBritishBritish
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What kinds of sciences were Social Darwinism and theories of race?
Ground Truth Answers: pseudo-sciencespseudo-sciencespseudo-sciencesBritish Empirepseudo
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In which continent besides Asia were major gains made by the British Empire in the late 19th century?
Ground Truth Answers: Middle EastMiddle Eastthe Middle EastAfricaMiddle East.
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Rudyard Kipling was an influential spokesman for what?
Ground Truth Answers: The British spirit of imperialismimperialismSocial Darwinismimperialism
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By the late 19th century, which country had the smallest empire ever to exist in the world?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What kinds of literature were Social Darwinism and theories of race?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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In which continent besides Asia were major gains made by the Asia Empire in the late 19th century?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilson’s mission to "make the world safe for democracy" changed all this. They were often backed by military force, but were more often affected from behind the scenes. This is consistent with the general notion of hegemony and imperium of historical empires. In 1898, Americans who opposed imperialism created the Anti-Imperialist League to oppose the US annexation of the Philippines and Cuba. One year later, a war erupted in the Philippines causing business, labor and government leaders in the US to condemn America's occupation in the Philippines as they also denounced them for causing the deaths of many Filipinos. American foreign policy was denounced as a "racket" by Smedley Butler, an American general. He said, "Looking back on it, I might have given Al Capone a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts. I operated on three continents".
How did the United States plan to subdue imperialistic tendencies?
Ground Truth Answers: the Monroe Doctrinethrough policiespolicies such as the Monroe Doctrinepolicies such as the Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine
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What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: interventionism.interventionisminterventionisminterventionism
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Which country besides the Cuba did the United states try to annex in 1898?
Ground Truth Answers: the PhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippines
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What caused the US public to condemn the occupation of the philippines?
Ground Truth Answers: a war erupteda war eruptedwarwarwar
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What did Smedley Butler call US foreign Policy?
Ground Truth Answers: a "racket"racketracketa "racket"racket
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How did the United States plan to subdue non-imperialistic tendencies?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of non-imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Which country besides the Cuba did the United states not try to annex in 1898?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What caused the US public to support the occupation of the philippines?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer.
Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914?
Ground Truth Answers: Isiah BowmanIsiah BowmanIsiah BowmanIsiah BowmanIsiah Bowman
Prediction:
When was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Wilson's Inquiry?
Ground Truth Answers: 19171917191719171917
Prediction:
Who besides Woodrow Wilson himself had the idea for the inquiry?
Ground Truth Answers: American delegation from the Paris Peace ConferenceAmerican delegation from the Paris Peace Conferencethe American delegation from the Paris Peace ConferenceAmerican delegation from the Paris Peace ConferenceAmerican delegation from the Paris Peace Conference
Prediction:
What was the premise of Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?
Ground Truth Answers: U.S authorship of a 'new world'allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical orderallow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical orderallow for U.S authorship of a 'new world'U.S authorship of a 'new world'
Prediction:
What was Isiah Bowman nick name, as known by the public.
Ground Truth Answers: Wilson's geographerWilson's geographerWilson's geographerWilson's geographerWilson's geographer.
Prediction:
Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1917?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
When was Isiah Bowman not appointed to President Wilson's Inquiry?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who besides Woodrow Wilson himself did not have the idea for the inquiry?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism in the form of political and financial hegemony. This internal form of imperialism is also distinct from the United States' formation of "colonies" abroad. Through the treatment of its indigenous peoples during westward expansion, the United States took on the form of an imperial power prior to any attempts at external imperialism. This internal form of empire has been referred to as "internal colonialism". Participation in the African slave trade and the subsequent treatment of its 12 to 15 million Africans is viewed by some to be a more modern extension of America's "internal colonialism". However, this internal colonialism faced resistance, as external colonialism did, but the anti-colonial presence was far less prominent due to the nearly complete dominance that the United States was able to assert over both indigenous peoples and African-Americans. In his lecture on April 16, 2003, Edward Said made a bold statement on modern imperialism in the United States, whom he described as using aggressive means of attack towards the contemporary Orient, "due to their backward living, lack of democracy and the violation of women’s rights. The western world forgets during this process of converting the other that enlightenment and democracy are concepts that not all will agree upon".
Some people describe what between individuals or groups as imperialism or colonialism?
Ground Truth Answers: internal strifeinternal strifeinternal strifeinternal strifeinternal strife
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the US expansion Westward could be viewed as what type of colonialism?
Ground Truth Answers: "internal colonialism"internal colonialisminternal colonialisminternal colonialisminternal
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How many Africans were brought into the United States during the slave trade?
Ground Truth Answers: 12 to 15 million12 to 15 million12 to 15 million12 to 15 million12 to 15 million
Prediction:
Who does Edward Said say is being attacked by US imperialism?
Ground Truth Answers: the contemporary Orientthe contemporary Orientthe contemporary Orientcontemporary Orientcontemporary Orient, "
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Some people describe what between individuals or groups as non-imperialism or non-colonialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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the US expansion Westward could be viewed as what type of non-colonialism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Africans were brought into the United States during the non-slave trade?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The strife between races in Canada is a unique form of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.
When did the Ottoman Empire fall?
Ground Truth Answers: 19231923192319231923
Prediction:
Who reigned over the Ottoman empire when it was at its most powerful.
Ground Truth Answers: Suleiman the MagnificentSuleiman the MagnificentSuleiman the MagnificentSuleiman the MagnificentSuleiman the Magnificent,
Prediction:
How many provinces did the Ottoman empire contain in the 17th century?
Ground Truth Answers: 3232323232
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The Ottoman empire controlled territory on three continents, Africa, Asia and which other?
Ground Truth Answers: EuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEurope
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When was the Ottoman empire at its height?
Ground Truth Answers: During the 16th and 17th centuries17th centurythe 16th and 17th centuries16th and 17th centuries16th and 17th centuries
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When did the Ottoman Empire rise?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who reigned over the Ottoman empire when it was at its most weak.
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How many provinces did the Ottoman empire not contain in the 17th century?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Ottoman empire controlled territory on four continents, Africa, Asia and which other?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, but it dissolved in the aftermath of World War I, leading to the emergence of the new state of Turkey in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states, thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions.
What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?
Ground Truth Answers: IstanbulIstanbulIstanbulIstanbulIstanbul
Prediction:
Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in WW I?
Ground Truth Answers: GermanyGermanyGermanyGermanyGermany
Prediction:
Which country today is a remnant of the Ottoman empire?
Ground Truth Answers: TurkeyTurkeyTurkeyTurkeyTurkey
Prediction:
What ended Turkish imperial Ambitions?
Ground Truth Answers: World War Icreation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern statesthe creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern statescreation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern statescreation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states
Prediction:
What was not the capital of the Ottoman empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Where was the less popular trading center for the Ottoman empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in WWII?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Which country today is not a remnant of the Ottoman empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What ended French imperial Ambitions?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction: