Huguenot numbers peaked near an estimated two million by 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew, in spite of increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration from the French crown. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.
Where was France's Huguenot population largely centered?
Ground Truth Answers: the southern and central parts of Francesouthern and central parts of France,about one-eighth
Prediction:
What was the proportion of Huguenots to Catholics at their peak?
Ground Truth Answers: about one-eighth the numberabout one-eighthabout one-eighth
Prediction:
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
Ground Truth Answers: from 1562 to 15981562 to 1598562 to 1598
Prediction:
What treaty ended the Wars of Religion?
Ground Truth Answers: the Edict of NantesEdict of Nantesthe Edict of Nantes
Prediction:
What did this agreement do?
Ground Truth Answers: granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomygranted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomygranted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy
Prediction:
When did the Huguenot movement start?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where were French Catholics concentrated in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who initially started the Wars of Religion?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were there in 1598?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many French Catholics were there in 1598?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Various hypotheses have been promoted. The nickname may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besançon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time, using a clever derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally housemates), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse (Confederates as in "a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy"). Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the "Confederate Party", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy through an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise. The move would have had the side effect of fostering relations with the Swiss. Thus, Hugues plus Eidgenosse by way of Huisgenoten supposedly became Huguenot, a nickname associating the Protestant cause with politics unpopular in France.[citation needed]
The term Huguenot was originally meant to confer?
Ground Truth Answers: derisionderisionderision
Prediction:
The term may be related to what politician from Switzerland?
Ground Truth Answers: Besançon HuguesBesançon HuguesBesançon Hugues
Prediction:
What Swiss city was the center of the Calvinist movement?
Ground Truth Answers: GenevaGenevaGeneva
Prediction:
What name was given to the plot to usurp power from the French House of Guise?
Ground Truth Answers: Amboise plotAmboisethe Amboise plot
Prediction:
When did this attempt take place?
Ground Truth Answers: 156015601560
Prediction:
In what year was Swiss politician Besancon Hugues born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What does Huisgenoten translate to in French?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Which city was John Calvin born in?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What religion was John Calvin?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the House of Guise gain influence?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rély, was printed in Paris in 1487.
What helped spread Protestantism in France?
Ground Truth Answers: availability of the Bible in vernacular languagesthe Bible in vernacular languagesThe availability of the Bible in vernacular languages
Prediction:
When did the first French language bible appear?
Ground Truth Answers: Around 12941294Around 1294
Prediction:
Who translated this version of the scriptures?
Ground Truth Answers: Guyard de MoulinGuyard de MoulinGuyard de Moulin
Prediction:
An illustrated, paraphrased version of this appeared when?
Ground Truth Answers: 148714871487
Prediction:
Jean De Rely's illustrated French-language scriptures were first published in what city?
Ground Truth Answers: ParisParisParis
Prediction:
In what year did the Protestant Reformation arrive in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what country did the Protestant Reformation get its start?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the Reformed church of France get established?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where was the Roman Catholic Priest Guyard de Moulin from?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where was Jean de Rely from?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté" that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. Even before the Edict of Alès (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sûreté was no more.[citation needed]
What were the towns granted to the Huguenots in 1598 collectively called?
Ground Truth Answers: villes de sûreté"villes de sûreté"villes de sûreté
Prediction:
What was the most important of these cities or towns?
Ground Truth Answers: MontpellierMontpellierMontpellier
Prediction:
France laid siege to Montpellier in what year?
Ground Truth Answers: 162216221622
Prediction:
What proclamation officially ended limited Huguenot autonomy?
Ground Truth Answers: Edict of AlèsEdict of AlèsEdict of Alès
Prediction:
When was this proclamation issued?
Ground Truth Answers: 162916291629
Prediction:
What was the result in Montpellier of the Edict of Ales in 1629?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What does "villes de surete" translate to in English?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many miles is Montpellier from Paris?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Protestant rule in Montpellier effectively collapse?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was a royal citadel built by Catholics in Montpellier?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Individual Huguenots settled at the Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671 with the arrival of François Villion (Viljoen). The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was however Maria de la Queillerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town. The couple left for the Far East ten years later. On 31 December 1687 the first organised group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to the Dutch East India Company post at the Cape of Good Hope. The largest portion of the Huguenots to settle in the Cape arrived between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration, but quite a few arrived as late as 1700; thereafter, the numbers declined and only small groups arrived at a time.
Where did the first Huguenot colonists settle?
Ground Truth Answers: at the Cape of Good HopeCape of Good Hopethe Cape of Good Hope
Prediction:
What modern city is located on the original Huguenot colony?
Ground Truth Answers: Cape TownCape TownCape Town
Prediction:
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
Ground Truth Answers: Maria de la QueillerieMaria de la QueillerieMaria de la Queillerie
Prediction:
What trading company helped settle Huguenots near the Cape?
Ground Truth Answers: Dutch East India CompanyDutch East India CompanyDutch East India Company
Prediction:
The number of new Huguenot colonists declined after what year?
Ground Truth Answers: 170017001700
Prediction:
In what year was Francois Villion born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was Maria de la Quellerie's fathers name?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many ships with Hugeunot's aboard had sailed to Cape of Good Hope in 1671?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What city was Jan van Riebeeck from?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What did Jan van Riebeeck's father do for a living?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jessé de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighborhood now known as Bushwick.
When did Huguenots colonize in North America?
Ground Truth Answers: 162416241624
Prediction:
Who led the North American Huguenot colonial expedition?
Ground Truth Answers: Jessé de ForestJessé de ForestJessé de Forest
Prediction:
What was the name of the first Huguenot church in the New World?
Ground Truth Answers: L'Église française à la Nouvelle-AmsterdamL'Église française à la Nouvelle-AmsterdamL'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam)
Prediction:
By what name is that first Huguenot church known today?
Ground Truth Answers: L'Eglise du Saint-EspritL'Eglise du Saint-EspritL'Eglise du Saint-Esprit
Prediction:
The Huguenots were the first Europeans to live in what modern New York borough?
Ground Truth Answers: BrooklynBrooklynBrooklyn
Prediction:
In what part of the now US was New France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the Boschwick neighborhood officially change its name to Bushwick?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where did Jesse de Forest sale from to arrive in North America?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Besides Nova Scotia what was another British colony in North America?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did New Netherland split into New York and New Jersey?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.
What southern city did the Huguenots settle near?
Ground Truth Answers: Charleston, South CarolinaCharlestonCharleston, South Carolina
Prediction:
Where in South Carolina did Huguenot nobility settle?
Ground Truth Answers: the Charleston Orange districtCharleston Orange districtCharleston Orange district
Prediction:
When did the Huguenots secure the right to own land in the Baronies?
Ground Truth Answers: 169716971697
Prediction:
From whom did the Huguenots in South Carolina purchase land from?
Ground Truth Answers: the British Landgrave Edmund BellingerEdmund BellingerEdmund Bellinger
Prediction:
Charleston settler Elie Prioleau was from what French town?
Ground Truth Answers: PonsPons in FrancePons
Prediction:
What French city was Alexander Pepin originally from?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What English city was Edmund Bellinger from?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Rev. Elie Prioleau become the pastor of the first Huguenot church in Charleston, South Carolina?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Edmund Bohun of the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty move to North America?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Charleston, North Carolina founded?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic, which led the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there.
Who was Louis XIV's main rival?
Ground Truth Answers: William III of OrangeStadtholder William III of OrangeStadtholder William III of Orange
Prediction:
William would eventually gain what throne?
Ground Truth Answers: King of EnglandKing of EnglandKing of England
Prediction:
What coalition rose up to oppose Louis XIV's France?
Ground Truth Answers: League of AugsburgLeague of AugsburgLeague of Augsburg
Prediction:
With what European country did the Huguenots feel kinship for emigration to?
Ground Truth Answers: Dutch RepublicDutch RepublicDutch Republic
Prediction:
When did France and the Dutch fight in the 17th century?
Ground Truth Answers: 167216721672
Prediction:
In what year did William III become King of England?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What language did William III primarily speak?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What did most people in the League of Augsburg speak as their first language?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did King Louis XIV of France take the throne?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert. While nearly three-quarters eventually were killed or submitted, roughly 500,000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century[citation needed].
What proclamation abolished protestantism in France?
Ground Truth Answers: Edict of FontainebleauEdict of Fontainebleauthe Edict of Fontainebleau
Prediction:
When was this edict declared?
Ground Truth Answers: 168516851685
Prediction:
Which French kind issued this declaration?
Ground Truth Answers: Louis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIV
Prediction:
How many Huguenots fled France by the 1700s?
Ground Truth Answers: 500,000500,000roughly 500,000
Prediction:
In what decade did Louis XIV start his reign?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were there in France in 1685?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who had issued the Edict of Nantes?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were in France in the early 18th century?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship. The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France. Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own militia.
What group specifically opposed the Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: Catholic Church in FranceCatholic Church in FranceThe Catholic Church in France
Prediction:
What event was the worst example of Huguenot persecution?
Ground Truth Answers: St. Bartholomew's Day massacreSt. Bartholomew's Day massacreSt. Bartholomew's Day massacre
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were killed during this purge?
Ground Truth Answers: 5,000 to 30,0005,000 to 30,0005,000 to 30,000
Prediction:
How did the Huguenots defend themselves?
Ground Truth Answers: their own militiathe Huguenots had their own militia
Prediction:
What was a non-religious reason for the massacre?
Ground Truth Answers: some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern Francepolitical reasonssome of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France
Prediction:
How many French Catholics died during the Bartholomew's Day massacre?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many French nobles were Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many French Catholics died after the Huguenots retaliated?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were there in Northern France during this time?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
By 1620 the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629. revolted against royal authority. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, became more intolerant of Protestantism. The Huguenots respond by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French Crown.[citation needed]
What were the civil wars caused by the Huguenots called?
Ground Truth Answers: Huguenot rebellionsHuguenot rebellionsthe Huguenot rebellions
Prediction:
Where did these uprisings take place?
Ground Truth Answers: southwestern Francesouthwestern Francemainly in southwestern France
Prediction:
When did these rebellions take place?
Ground Truth Answers: between 1621 and 1629between 1621 and 1629between 1621 and 1629
Prediction:
What King and former Huguenot looked out for the welfare of the group?
Ground Truth Answers: Henry IVHenry IVHenry IV
Prediction:
Which successor to Henry resumed persecution of the Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: Louis XIIILouis XIIILouis XIII
Prediction:
When was the second Huguenot rebellion?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Louis XIII crowned?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What nationality was Louis XIII originally?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was one of the nationalities that the Huguenots established diplomatic contacts with?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What religion were most Italians during the 1620s?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cévennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.[citation needed] A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.
How many protestants live in France today?
Ground Truth Answers: one millionApproximately one millionApproximately one million
Prediction:
What percentage of France's population is protestant today?
Ground Truth Answers: 2%2%2%
Prediction:
What northern province in France has a large protestant population?
Ground Truth Answers: AlsaceAlsaceAlsace
Prediction:
What is the southern region where protestants are concentrated?
Ground Truth Answers: CévennesCévennesCévennes mountain region
Prediction:
What country currently has a group who call themselves Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: AustraliaAustraliaAustralia
Prediction:
How many regard themselves as Huguenots today outside of France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many people live in the Alsace region of France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where are there the fewest Protestants in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What percentage of people in Australia regard themselves as Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Protestants are there in the Cevennes mountain region?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.
What city north of New York was settled by Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: New RochelleNew RochelleNew Rochelle
Prediction:
What town in upstate New York was settled by Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: New PaltzNew PaltzNew Paltz
Prediction:
What Huguenot area is designated as a historical landmark?
Ground Truth Answers: "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New PaltzHuguenot Street Historic DistrictThe "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz
Prediction:
What is located within this district?
Ground Truth Answers: the oldest street in the United States of Americathe oldest street in the United States of Americathe oldest street in the United States of America
Prediction:
In what borough is there a neighborhood called Huguenot?
Ground Truth Answers: Staten IslandStaten IslandStaten Island
Prediction:
How far is New Paltz from New York?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How far is New Rochelle from New Paltz?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How long is the south shore of Staten Island?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where did most of the Huguenots decide to live?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where did the fewest Huguenots stay?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the Cévennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozère. This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to ca. 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot.[citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the Dutch Republic in 1715. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset.
What country initially received the largest number of Huguenot refugees?
Ground Truth Answers: the Dutch RepublicDutch RepublicDutch Republic
Prediction:
How many refugees emigrated to the Dutch Republic?
Ground Truth Answers: an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people75,000 to 100,00075,000 to 100,000
Prediction:
What was the population of the Dutch Republic before this emigration?
Ground Truth Answers: ca. 2 million2 million2 million
Prediction:
What two areas in the Republic were first to grant rights to the Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: Amsterdam and the area of West FrisiaAmsterdam and the area of West FrisiaAmsterdam and the area of West Frisia
Prediction:
What declaration predicated the emigration of Huguenot refugees?
Ground Truth Answers: the revocation of the Edict of NantesEdict of Nantesthe revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Prediction:
How many Huguenots lived in West Frisia in 1705?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots lived in Amsterdam in 1705?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was the Edict of Nantes revoked?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many clergymen were there in the Dutch Republic before the influx of Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what country is the Cevennes?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In this last connection, the name could suggest the derogatory inference of superstitious worship; popular fancy held that Huguon, the gate of King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet (regarded by Roman Catholics as an infamous scoundrel) and other spirits, who instead of being in Purgatory came back to harm the living at night. It was in this place in Tours that the prétendus réformés ("these supposedly 'reformed'") habitually gathered at night, both for political purposes, and for prayer and singing psalms. Such explanations have been traced to the contemporary, Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560), who in De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly:Where was the Gate of King Hugo?
Ground Truth Answers: ToursToursTours
Prediction:
By what other name was the Gate known?
Ground Truth Answers: HuguonHuguonHuguon
Prediction:
Who allegedly haunted the gate?
Ground Truth Answers: the ghost of le roi Huguetghost of le roi Huguetthe ghost of le roi Huguet
Prediction:
By what name were the "supposedly reformed" known?
Ground Truth Answers: prétendus réformésprétendus réformésprétendus réformés
Prediction:
What time of day did these reformed supposedly gather to engage in Huguenot rituals?
Ground Truth Answers: nightnightat night
Prediction:
In what year was Huguon built?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did King Hugo die?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did le roi Huguet die?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Reguier de la Plancha born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was The Cape Monthly first published?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. (It has been adapted as a restaurant—see illustration above. The house derives its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.) Others refugees practised the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City. They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone—towns in which there used to be refugee churches.
Where did Huguenots and Walloons settle in England?
Ground Truth Answers: CanterburyCanterburyCanterbury
Prediction:
What house was the site of a weaving school in Canterbury?
Ground Truth Answers: The WeaversThe WeaversThe Weavers
Prediction:
What social construct did Huguenot refugees in Canterbury practice?
Ground Truth Answers: economic separationeconomic separationworked as weavers
Prediction:
What other English towns were sites of Huguenot settlement?
Ground Truth Answers: Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and MaidstoneSandwich, Faversham and MaidstoneSandwich, Faversham and Maidstone
Prediction:
What is located on the site of The Weaving House currently?
Ground Truth Answers: a restaurantrestauranta restaurant
Prediction:
When was the The Weavers converted into a restaurant?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In which English town did the most Huguenots live?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In which English town did the most Walloons live?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was one occupation of the native English?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Which English town had the largest refugee church?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696, and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.
What Irish cities had Huguenot mayors in the 1600s and 1700s?
Ground Truth Answers: Dublin, Cork, Youghal and WaterfordDublin, Cork, Youghal and WaterfordDublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford
Prediction:
French Church Street is in what Irish town?
Ground Truth Answers: Cork CityCork CityCork City
Prediction:
Where is D'Olier Street?
Ground Truth Answers: DublinDublinDublin
Prediction:
D'Olier Street is named after whom?
Ground Truth Answers: a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of IrelandHigh Sheriffa High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland
Prediction:
The French church in Portarlington was built when?
Ground Truth Answers: 169616961696
Prediction:
In what Irish city can few signs remain to be seen of the Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was D'Olier Street built in Dublin?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was French Church Street built in Cork?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The Huguenot District was named in Cork in what year?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was D'olier's first name?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many Huguenots had occupied important places in society. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's slow rate of population growth compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. By the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War), a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 1759-60.
What is the common term for the loss of key members of French society to Huguenot emigration?
Ground Truth Answers: brain drainbrain drainbrain drain
Prediction:
What was the name of France's primary colony in the New World?
Ground Truth Answers: New FranceNew FranceNew France
Prediction:
What persons were not allowed to settle in New France?
Ground Truth Answers: non-Catholicsnon-Catholicsnon-Catholics
Prediction:
The French and Indian War was the New World aspect of what European conflict?
Ground Truth Answers: Seven Years' WarSeven Years' WarSeven Years' War
Prediction:
When did the British defeat New France?
Ground Truth Answers: 1759-601759-601759-60
Prediction:
In what year did the French and Indian War begin?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What people weren't allowed to settle in British colonies?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the first Huguenots arrive in the British colonies?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who won the Seven Years' War?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism, issued the Edict of Nantes. The Edict reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains. The Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions.[citation needed]
What was Henry IV known as before taking the throne?
Ground Truth Answers: Henry of NavarreHenry of NavarreHenry of Navarre
Prediction:
When did Henry issue the Edict of Nantes?
Ground Truth Answers: 159815981598
Prediction:
What did the Edict do for Huguenots in France?
Ground Truth Answers: granted the Protestants equality with Catholicsgranted the Protestants equalitygranted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains
Prediction:
The edict protected Catholics by discouraging what?
Ground Truth Answers: the founding of new Protestant churchesfounding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regionsthe founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions
Prediction:
What religion did Henry renounce upon ascending the throne?
Ground Truth Answers: ProtestantismProtestantismProtestantism
Prediction:
In what year was Henry of Navarre born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Henry of Navarre made Henry IV?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the warfare in France between Protestants and Catholics get it start?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What did the Edict of Nantes encourage in Catholic-controlled areas of France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, many of whom became intellectuals, doctors and business leaders in Britain as well as Holland, Prussia, and South Africa. Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies, where they settled in New York and Virginia, especially. The English welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Those Huguenots who stayed in France became Catholics and were called "new converts".
What was required of Huguenot children after the Edict was revoked?
Ground Truth Answers: education of children as Catholicseducation of children as Catholicsrequired education of children as Catholics
Prediction:
How did the revocation restrict Huguenot travel?
Ground Truth Answers: prohibited emigrationprohibited emigrationprohibited emigration
Prediction:
How many Huguenots emigrated to North America as colonists?
Ground Truth Answers: Four thousandFour thousandFour thousand
Prediction:
What were Huguenots who stayed in France eventually known as?
Ground Truth Answers: "new converts""new converts"new converts
Prediction:
Besides Britain and North America, where else did Huguenot refugees settle?
Ground Truth Answers: Holland, Prussia, and South AfricaHolland, Prussia, and South AfricaBritain as well as Holland, Prussia, and South Africa
Prediction:
How many French people fled to Prussia?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Besides England who else were particularly welcoming to those fleeing France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What country was very well known for offering a Protestant education?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many of those fleeing France went on to become doctors?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots chose to stay in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands.[citation needed] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled in a small island. A fort, named Fort Coligny, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian Native Americans. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured part of the Huguenots. The Portuguese threatened the prisoners with death if they did not convert to Catholicism. The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced a declaration of faith to express their beliefs to the Portuguese. This was their death sentence. This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith, became the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas.[citation needed]
What were the first two destinations of Huguenot emigres?
Ground Truth Answers: Switzerland and the NetherlandsSwitzerland and the Netherlands.Switzerland and the Netherlands
Prediction:
When was the French colony in modern day Brazil founded?
Ground Truth Answers: 155515551555
Prediction:
What was the Brazilian French colony called?
Ground Truth Answers: France AntarctiqueFrance AntarctiqueFrance Antarctique
Prediction:
In what year was Fort Coligny destroyed?
Ground Truth Answers: 156015601560
Prediction:
By what document did the Huguenots confess their faith to the Portuguese in Brazil?
Ground Truth Answers: the Guanabara Confession of FaithGuanabara Confession of Faiththe Guanabara Confession of Faith
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were part of the group that founded France Antarctique in 1555?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Fort Coligny built?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many were in the first wave of Huguenot's fleeing to Switzerland?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenot's did the Portuguese kill for being Protestant in Guanabara?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage(Du Vinage), Franck, Fouche, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell),Naude', Nortje (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Villion) and Visagie (Visage). The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots, some of whom had vineyards in France, or were brandy distillers, and used their skills in their new home.
Families with French names in South Africa speak what language today?
Ground Truth Answers: AfrikaansAfrikaansAfrikaans
Prediction:
What South African industry descended from Huguenot settlers?
Ground Truth Answers: wine industrywineThe wine industry
Prediction:
Where can one find the formerly Huguenot farms in South Africa?
Ground Truth Answers: Western Cape provinceWestern Cape province
Prediction:
What characteristic identifies the French ancestry of some South Africans?
Ground Truth Answers: surnamesnamessurnames
Prediction:
What prominent South African family had a vineyard in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What South African family had the largest vineyard in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What prominent South African family distilled brandy and were Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What Huguenot French family had the largest brandy distilling business in South Africa?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina; Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Francis Marion, and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as an historic shrine with occasional services. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest.
What Revolutionary War midnight rider was a Huguenot descendant?
Ground Truth Answers: Paul ReverePaul ReverePaul Revere
Prediction:
What signer of the Articles of Confederation was descended from Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: Henry LaurensHenry LaurensHenry Laurens
Prediction:
In what city is the last Huguenot congregation in the US?
Ground Truth Answers: Charleston, South CarolinaCharlestonCharleston, South Carolina
Prediction:
What church in Virginia is maintained by Huguenots as a historic shrine?
Ground Truth Answers: Manakin Episcopal ChurchManakin Episcopal ChurchManakin Episcopal Church
Prediction:
In what state is the largest Huguenot Society located?
Ground Truth Answers: TexasTexasTexas
Prediction:
In what year was the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina signed?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was the Huguenot Society for America founded?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What is the Huguenot church in Charleston, South Carolina named?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who owned the Cuckoo Tavern?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what state was the Cuckoo Tavern?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. Although 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry, this is contentious. The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover, and there is no contemporary documentation to support there being Huguenot lacemakers in Bedfordshire. The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a "combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground", is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until first half of the eighteenth century and lace with Mechlin patterns and Lille ground did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when it was widely copied throughout Europe.
What industry was centered in Bedfordshire?
Ground Truth Answers: lacelaceBritish lace
Prediction:
What style of lace is erroneously believed by some to have Huguenot influence?
Ground Truth Answers: 'Bucks Point'Bucks PointBucks Point
Prediction:
What reference is there to Huguenot lacemakers in the 19th century?
Ground Truth Answers: twenty-five widows who settled in Dovertwenty-five widows who settled in Dovertwenty-five widows who settled in Dover
Prediction:
When did Mechlin lace develop?
Ground Truth Answers: first half of the eighteenth centuryfirst half of the eighteenth centuryfirst half of the eighteenth century
Prediction:
How many immigrant lacemakers were there in Bedfordshire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what era was "Bucks Point" lace making developed?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was Dover the main British center of at the time?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In Berlin, the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07. Many of their descendents rose to positions of prominence. Several congregations were founded, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.
What were the two Huguenot neighborhoods created in Berlin?
Ground Truth Answers: Dorotheenstadt and FriedrichstadtDorotheenstadt and FriedrichstadtDorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt
Prediction:
What portion of Berlin's population spoke French by 1700?
Ground Truth Answers: one-fifthone-fifthone-fifth
Prediction:
Why did Berlin Huguenots switch to German from French in their services?
Ground Truth Answers: in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleonin protestin protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon
Prediction:
What years did this occupation take place?
Ground Truth Answers: 1806-071806-07.1806-07
Prediction:
What other Northern European cities had Huguenot congregations?
Ground Truth Answers: Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and EmdenFredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and EmdenFredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden
Prediction:
In what year did Napoleon come to power in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What neighborhood did Huguenots establish in Stockholm?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What neighborhood did Huguenots create in Hamburg?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
When did Huguenots first arrive in Helsinki?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How much of Helsinki's population spoke French as of 1700?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
After this, Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia — whose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged Cévennes region in the south. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards who were Huguenots rioted against the Catholic Church in the region, burning churches and killing clergy. It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709.
Which central European country had a Calvinist ruler?
Ground Truth Answers: PrussiaGreat Elector Frederick WilliamPrussia
Prediction:
After Huguenots fled France, their last remaining bastion was where?
Ground Truth Answers: CévennesCévennesCévennes region in the south
Prediction:
What did the 18th century Huguenot group call themselves?
Ground Truth Answers: CamisardsCamisardsthe Camisards
Prediction:
Against whom did the Camisards rise up to fight?
Ground Truth Answers: the Catholic Church in the regionCatholic Churchthe Catholic Church in the region
Prediction:
French troops put down the Camisard uprisings between what years?
Ground Truth Answers: 1702 and 17091702 and 17091702 and 1709
Prediction:
In what year did Frederick William of Prussia become the Great Elector?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots fled to England?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many people did Prussia lose due to war?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
When did the fighting stop in Prussia?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the Camisards organize as a regional group in southern France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville, Florida. The effort was the first at any permanent European settlement in the present-day continental United States, but survived only a short time. A September 1565 French naval attack against the new Spanish colony at St. Augustine failed when its ships were hit by a hurricane on their way to the Spanish encampment at Fort Matanzas. Hundreds of French soldiers were stranded and surrendered to the numerically inferior Spanish forces led by Pedro Menendez. Menendez proceeded to massacre the defenseless Huguenots, after which he wiped out the Fort Caroline garrison.
There was a 16th century Huguenot settlement near what modern day Florida city?
Ground Truth Answers: JacksonvilleJacksonvilleJacksonville
Prediction:
Who was the leader who established the colony at Florida?
Ground Truth Answers: Jean RibaultJean RibaultJean Ribault
Prediction:
What was the name of the Florida Huguenot colony?
Ground Truth Answers: Fort CarolineFort CarolineFort Caroline
Prediction:
Which army attacked and destroyed this colony?
Ground Truth Answers: SpanishSpanishSpanish
Prediction:
When was the colony destroyed?
Ground Truth Answers: 156515651565
Prediction:
In what year was Jean Ribault born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots did Pedro Menendez have murdered at St Augustine?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were there in Fort Caroline?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
From where had the Norman Huguenots sailed in order to arrive at Fort Caroline?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
French Huguenots made two attempts to establish a haven in North America. In 1562, naval officer Jean Ribault led an expedition that explored Florida and the present-day Southeastern U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina. The Wars of Religion precluded a return voyage, and the outpost was abandoned. In 1564, Ribault's former lieutenant René Goulaine de Laudonnière launched a second voyage to build a colony; he established Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. War at home again precluded a resupply mission, and the colony struggled. In 1565 the Spanish decided to enforce their claim to La Florida, and sent Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. Menéndez' forces routed the French and executed most of the Protestant captives.
What was the name of the first Huguenot outpost in South Carolina?
Ground Truth Answers: CharlesfortCharlesfortCharlesfort
Prediction:
What present-day area was this settlement near?
Ground Truth Answers: Parris IslandSoutheastern U.S.Parris Island
Prediction:
Which Spanish officer established the settlement at St. Augustine?
Ground Truth Answers: Pedro Menéndez de AvilésPedro Menéndez de AvilésPedro Menéndez de Avilés
Prediction:
When did Ribault first establish a settlement in South Carolina?
Ground Truth Answers: 156215621564
Prediction:
What European event caused the Huguenots to abandon Charlesfort?
Ground Truth Answers: The Wars of ReligionThe Wars of ReligionThe Wars of Religion
Prediction:
In what year did the Wars of Religion start?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Pedro Menendez de Aviles born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere leave his position as a lieutenant for Jean Ribault?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the French Huguenots abandon their first North American outpost?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Powhatan County. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbors. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honor, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School.
In what English colony were Huguenot settlers promised land?
Ground Truth Answers: VirginiaVirginiaVirginia
Prediction:
In what area of this British colony were Huguenot land grants?
Ground Truth Answers: Lower Norfolk CountyLower Norfolk CountyLower Norfolk County
Prediction:
What town was actually granted to the Huguenots on arrival?
Ground Truth Answers: Manakin TownManakin TownManakin Town
Prediction:
How many settlers original settled in Manakintown?
Ground Truth Answers: 390390390
Prediction:
When were these settlers naturalized as English colonists?
Ground Truth Answers: 12 May 1705170512 May 1705
Prediction:
How many French Huguenots eventually moved to Missouri from Manakin Town?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many French Huguenots in Manakin Town ended up moving to Kentucky?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many French Huguenot residents of Manakin Town actually live outside the town on farms?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what century was the Huguenot Memorial Bridge built?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year had Manakin Town first been abandoned?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1609). The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. Early ties were already visible in the "Apologie" of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. The practice has continued to the present day. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church. The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America.
When was the Dutch Revolt?
Ground Truth Answers: 1568–16091568–16091568–1609
Prediction:
Who did the Dutch fight in the Dutch Revolt?
Ground Truth Answers: SpainSpainSpain
Prediction:
What Dutch document condemned the Spanish Inquisition?
Ground Truth Answers: "Apologie"Apologie" of William the SilentApologie
Prediction:
What leader led the Dutch Revolt and wrote Apologie?
Ground Truth Answers: William the SilentPierre L'OyseleurWilliam the Silent
Prediction:
What was the Dutch leader's religious affiliation?
Ground Truth Answers: CalvinistCalvinistWalloon
Prediction:
In what year did William the Silent issue his "Apologie"?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What nationality was Pierre L'Oyseleur?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what colony was the town of Delft?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Huguenots begin to settle in South Africa?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who was William the Silent's father?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Both before and after the 1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. Andrew Lortie (born André Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass.
What English law made that country more welcoming to Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: Foreign Protestants Naturalization ActForeign Protestants Naturalization Act,Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act
Prediction:
When was this naturalization act passed?
Ground Truth Answers: 170817081708
Prediction:
About how many Walloons and Huguenots emigrated to England and Ireland in this era?
Ground Truth Answers: 50,00050,00050,000
Prediction:
Who was the famous Huguenot theologian and writer in London?
Ground Truth Answers: Andrew LortieAndrew LortieAndrew Lortie
Prediction:
What Catholic Church liturgical belief did Lortie criticize openly?
Ground Truth Answers: the doctrine of transubstantiationdoctrine of transubstantiation during Massthe Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation
Prediction:
How many Huguenots fled to England after the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act was passed?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Protestant Walloons fled to England before the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act was passed?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where was Andrew Lortie originally from?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Andrew Lortie born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots continued on through England and ended up in Ireland?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Following the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry.
What war in Ireland featured Huguenot regiments?
Ground Truth Answers: Williamite warWilliamitethe Williamite war
Prediction:
Under which leader did the Huguenots fight in this conflict?
Ground Truth Answers: William of OrangeWilliam of OrangeWilliam of Orange
Prediction:
Which Irish cities had large Huguenot enclaves?
Ground Truth Answers: Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and YoughalDublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and YoughalDublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal
Prediction:
Huguenots in Killeshandra and County Cavan expanded what agricultural industry?
Ground Truth Answers: flax cultivationflaxflax cultivation
Prediction:
What textile industry did the Huguenots contribute to in Ireland?
Ground Truth Answers: Irish linen industrylinenIrish linen
Prediction:
In what era was the Williamite war in Ireland?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where was the biggest settlement of Huguenots in Ireland?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where was the smallest settlement of Huguenots in Ireland among major cities?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What did the Huguenots who settled in Dublin contribute?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What did the Huguenots who settled in Cork contribute?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Prince Louis de Condé, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. The Count supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands, regardless of their religion. The Condés established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. Other founding families created enterprises based on textiles and such traditional Huguenot occupations in France. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s.
Which noble helped establish the Huguenot settlement in Saarland?
Ground Truth Answers: Prince Louis de CondéLouis de CondéPrince Louis de Condé
Prediction:
Which Count did the Prince strike an arrangement with?
Ground Truth Answers: Count Ludwig von Nassau-SaarbrückenLudwig von Nassau-SaarbrückenCount Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken
Prediction:
What industry did the nobleman establish with this settlement?
Ground Truth Answers: glass-makingglass-makingglass-making
Prediction:
In what era did some members of this community emigrate to the US?
Ground Truth Answers: 1890s1890s1890s
Prediction:
In what year was the agreement to allow the Saarland settlement reached?
Ground Truth Answers: 160416041604
Prediction:
In what year was Prince Louis de Conde born?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrucken made a Count?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who was Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbucken's father?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Huguenots first move to present-day Saarland?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland. They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony in South Africa, the Dutch East Indies, the Caribbean, and several of the English colonies of North America, and Quebec, where they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.
What two member nations of the Holy Roman Empire received Huguenot refugees?
Ground Truth Answers: Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinatethe Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinatethe Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate
Prediction:
What general religious belief did the nations that received Huguenot refugees have in common?
Ground Truth Answers: ProtestantProtestantProtestant
Prediction:
What area in South Africa accepted Huguenot colonists?
Ground Truth Answers: Dutch Cape ColonyDutch Cape ColonyDutch Cape Colony
Prediction:
What area in modern-day Canada received Huguenot immigrants?
Ground Truth Answers: QuebecQuebecQuebec
Prediction:
What made emigration to these colonies attractive?
Ground Truth Answers: they were accepted and allowed to worship freelyallowed to worship freelythey were accepted and allowed to worship freely
Prediction:
What nation did the most Huguenots flee to from France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
To what nation did the fewest Huguenots flee to from France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What religion predominated in the Holy Roman Empire?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was the biggest religion in Sweden?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was the biggest religion in Quebec?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Some disagree with such double or triple non-French linguistic origins, arguing that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated in the French language. The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France, who reigned long before the Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos, or those who want Hugo.
From what French King did the Huguenot name possibly descend?
Ground Truth Answers: Hugues CapetHugues CapetHugues Capet
Prediction:
What is the theory that this King's name is the origin of "Huguenot" called?
Ground Truth Answers: The "Hugues hypothesis""Hugues hypothesis"Hugues hypothesis
Prediction:
Who is one prominent advocate of this theory?
Ground Truth Answers: Janet GrayJanet GrayJanet Gray
Prediction:
According to the theory, what does the name "Huguenot" mean?
Ground Truth Answers: little Hugos, or those who want Hugolittle Hugoslittle Hugos, or those who want Hugo.
Prediction:
Other theories of the word's origin can be generally classed as what?
Ground Truth Answers: double or triple non-French linguistic originsnon-French linguistic origins
Prediction:
Who was the first king of France to reign during the Reformation?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What religion was Hugues Capet?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What religion was Janet Gray?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who was Janet Gray married to?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530. William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join William Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivetan published a French Bible for them. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. Sometime between 1550 and 1580, members of the Reformed church in France came to be commonly known as Huguenots.[citation needed]
Who was one French pro-reform Roman Catholic of the 15th century?
Ground Truth Answers: Jacques LefevreJacques LefevreJacques Lefevre
Prediction:
Where did this pro-reform leader teach?
Ground Truth Answers: University of ParisUniversity of ParisUniversity of Paris
Prediction:
When did this leader publish a French language Bible?
Ground Truth Answers: 153015231530
Prediction:
What leader of the Swiss reformation was a student of Lefevre?
Ground Truth Answers: William FarelWilliam FarelWilliam Farel
Prediction:
What other European Protestant leader was educated at the University of Paris?
Ground Truth Answers: Jean Cauvin (John Calvin)Jean CauvinJean Cauvin
Prediction:
In what nation did the Gallicans get their start?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What French city was Jacques Lefevre from?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did John Calvin graduate from the University of Paris?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did John Calvin become a Protestant?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who was one of the most prominent French Waldensians?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August – 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris. Similar massacres took place in other towns in the weeks following. The main provincial towns and cities experiencing the Massacre were Aix, Bordeaux, Bourges, Lyons, Meaux, Orleans, Rouen, Toulouse, and Troyes. Nearly 3,000 Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse alone. The exact number of fatalities throughout the country is not known. On 23–24 August, between about 2,000 and 3,000 Protestants were killed in Paris and between 3,000 and 7,000 more in the French provinces. By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone. Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October. An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators.[citation needed]
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Ground Truth Answers: 24 August – 3 October 157224 August – 3 October 157224 August – 3 October 1572
Prediction:
What group killed thousands of Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: CatholicsCatholicsCatholics
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were killed in Toulouse?
Ground Truth Answers: Nearly 3,000Nearly 3,000Nearly 3,000
Prediction:
When was amnesty granted to those responsible for the massacre?
Ground Truth Answers: 157315731573
Prediction:
Reports document that how many Parisien Protestants were killed by September 17?
Ground Truth Answers: almost 25,000almost 25,000almost 25,000
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were killed in Bordeaux?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In which French city was about 2,000 Huguenots killed?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were killed altogether in France?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were slaughtered in Orleans?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenots were slain in Toulouse?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Louis XIV gained the throne in 1643 and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert. At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism. Then he imposed penalties, closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. In 1685, he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal.[citation needed]
Who became king in 1643?
Ground Truth Answers: Louis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIV
Prediction:
How did the new king react to the Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convertaggressivelyincreasingly aggressively
Prediction:
What was the king's first approach to the Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward convertsmissionariesAt first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism
Prediction:
What did the king do to regarding Huguenot education?
Ground Truth Answers: closed Huguenot schoolsclosed Huguenot schoolsclosed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions
Prediction:
The practice of occupying and looting Huguenot homes was called?
Ground Truth Answers: dragonnadesdragonnadesdragonnades
Prediction:
In what year did Louis XIV die?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Louis XIV start to bribe Protestants to convert to Catholicism?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Louis XIV start to deny Protestants the ability to work in certain professions?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was the Edict of Nantes issued?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year were the Dragonnades started?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called "Bauffet's Point" after traveling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They purchased from John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that built of stone. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. The church was eventually replaced by a third, Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church "Eglise du St. Esperit" on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room. The Huguenot cemetery, or "Huguenot Burial Ground", has since been recognized as a historic cemetery that is the final resting place for a wide range of the Huguenot founders, early settlers and prominent citizens dating back more than three centuries.
What present day county is New Rochelle in?
Ground Truth Answers: WestchesterWestchesterWestchester
Prediction:
Where did the Huguenots land in New York originally?
Ground Truth Answers: "Bauffet's Point"Bauffet's PointBauffet's Point
Prediction:
From whom did the Huguenots purchase the land where they settled?
Ground Truth Answers: John Pell, Lord of Pelham ManorJohn PellJohn Pell
Prediction:
What French City was New Rochelle named after?
Ground Truth Answers: La RochelleLa RochelleLa Rochelle
Prediction:
What is the name of the third, permanent Huguenot church in New Rochelle?
Ground Truth Answers: Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchTrinity-St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchTrinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church
Prediction:
Who named "Bauffet's Point" at Davenports Neck?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How much land did the Lord of Pelham Manor, John Pell. own in total in North America?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Whose decision was it to name the new town New Rochelle?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How far is it from Davenports Neck to New Rochelle?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was the name of the first wooden church built in New Rochelle?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation. Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. For example, E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills.
How did Huguenots evolve their religious beliefs in the New World?
Ground Truth Answers: affiliated with other Protestant denominationsaffiliated with other Protestant denominationsaffiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members
Prediction:
How were Huguenot settlers assimilated into North American society at large?
Ground Truth Answers: married outside their immediate French communitiesmarried outside their immediate French communitiesadapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities
Prediction:
Who was one prominent Huguenot-descended arms manufacturer?
Ground Truth Answers: E.I. du PontE.I. du PontE.I. du Pont
Prediction:
For how long did Huguenots continue to use French names?
Ground Truth Answers: into the nineteenth centurywell into the nineteenth centurywell into the nineteenth century
Prediction:
What was the name of du Pont's gunpowder operation?
Ground Truth Answers: Eleutherian gunpowder millsEleutherian gunpowder mills.Eleutherian
Prediction:
In what century was Eleutherian gunpowder mills founded?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What were Protestant's contributions to the United State economic life?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What nationality was Lavoisier?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How did Huguenots hold onto some of their religious beliefs over the years?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast.
Who was a prominent Huguenot in Holland?
Ground Truth Answers: Pierre BaylePierre BaylePierre Bayle
Prediction:
Where did he begin teaching?
Ground Truth Answers: RotterdamRotterdamRotterdam
Prediction:
What books did Bayle publish?
Ground Truth Answers: Historical and Critical DictionaryHistorical and Critical DictionaryHistorical and Critical Dictionary
Prediction:
These books became a foundational text for what library?
Ground Truth Answers: US Library of CongressUS Library of CongressUS Library of Congress
Prediction:
Who is the patron saint of the Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: Saint NicolasSaint NicolasSaint Nicolas
Prediction:
How many months did it take Pierre Bayle to write his multi-volume series Historical and Critical Dictionary?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many French family names are commonly used in the Netherlands?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Is Saint Nicolas or Sint Nicolaas celebrated earlier in the year in the Netherlands?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many volumes is Historical and Critical Dictionary?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. It is now located at Soho Square. Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724. The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built.[citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city.
What early Huguenot Church was established in England?
Ground Truth Answers: The French Protestant Church of LondonThe French Protestant Church of LondonThe French Protestant Church of London
Prediction:
When was the charter for this church signed?
Ground Truth Answers: 155015501550
Prediction:
What is the present-day location of this church?
Ground Truth Answers: Soho SquareSoho SquareSoho Square
Prediction:
What London neighborhood attracted Huguenot refugees?
Ground Truth Answers: ShoreditchShoreditchShoreditch
Prediction:
When was the Old Truman Brewery founded?
Ground Truth Answers: 172417241724
Prediction:
In what year did Huguenot refugees first start to move to London?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did the Black Eagle Brewery change its name to Old Truman Brewery?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What Huguenot church was established in Norwich?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How much of London's populace became immigrants?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year did Huguenot refugees first settle in Norwich?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where they were granted special privileges (Edict of Potsdam) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermünde) by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia. The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreußische Infantry Regiments No. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Württemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatinate-Zweibrücken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Celle.
What protestant religions made Northern European counties safe for Huguenot immigration?
Ground Truth Answers: Lutheran and ReformedLutheran and ReformedLutheran and Reformed
Prediction:
Which areas of Northern Europe practiced those religions?
Ground Truth Answers: Germany and ScandinaviaGermany and ScandinaviaGermany and Scandinavia
Prediction:
What proclamation gave Huguenots special privileges in Brandenburg?
Ground Truth Answers: Edict of PotsdamEdict of PotsdamEdict of Potsdam
Prediction:
What dual titles did Frederick William hold?
Ground Truth Answers: Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of PrussiaElector of Brandenburg and Duke of PrussiaElector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia
Prediction:
What military impact did Huguenot immigration have on Frederick's army?
Ground Truth Answers: Huguenots furnished two new regimentstwo new regimentsfurnished two new regiments of his army
Prediction:
In what year was the AltpreuBissche Infantry Regiment No. 13 established?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In what year was Frederick William named as the Elector of Brandenburg?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenot settled in the Baden territory of Germany?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many Huguenot settled in the Lower Saxony territory of Germany?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many men were in the AltpreusBische Infantry No. 15?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the hero of the First World War Battle of Tannenberg, Luftwaffe General and fighter ace Adolf Galland, Luftwaffe flying ace Hans-Joachim Marseille, and famed U-boat captain Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière. The last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic, Lothar de Maizière, is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizière.
What German ruler invited Huguenot immigration?
Ground Truth Answers: Frederick WilliamFrederick WilliamFrederick William
Prediction:
What German poet was descended from Huguenots?
Ground Truth Answers: Theodor FontaneTheodor FontaneTheodor Fontane
Prediction:
What German general and fighter pilot was of Huguenot ancestry?
Ground Truth Answers: Adolf GallandAdolf GallandAdolf Galland
Prediction:
Who was the final Prime Minister of East Germany?
Ground Truth Answers: Lothar de MaizièreLothar de MaizièreLothar de Maizière
Prediction:
Thomas de Maiziere serves what role in the German cabinet?
Ground Truth Answers: Federal Minister of the InteriorMinister of the InteriorFederal Minister of the Interior
Prediction:
Who is one of Frederick Williams' descendants?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who is a descendant of General Hermann von Francois?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Which side won the First World War Battle of Tannenberg?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What ethnicity was Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who was one of Lothar de Maiziere's predecessors?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction: