The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.
Which name is also used to describe the Amazon rainforest in English?
Ground Truth Answers: also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle,Amazonia or the Amazon JungleAmazonia
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How many square kilometers of rainforest is covered in the basin?
Ground Truth Answers: 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest.5,500,0005,500,000
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How many nations control this region in total?
Ground Truth Answers: This region includes territory belonging to nine nations.ninenine
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How many nations contain "Amazonas" in their names?
Ground Truth Answers: States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names.fourfour
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What percentage does the Amazon represents in rainforests on the planet?
Ground Truth Answers: The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforestsover half
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What is the Dutch word for the Amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: AmazoneregenwoudAmazoneregenwoudAmazoneregenwoud
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What rainforest covers the majority of the Amazon basin in South America?
Ground Truth Answers: The Amazon rainforestAmazon rainforestThe Amazon
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In what country can most of the Amazon rainforest be found?
Ground Truth Answers: BrazilBrazilBrazil
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The Amazon rainforest makes up what amount of Earth's rainforests?
Ground Truth Answers: over halfover halfover half
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How many species of trees can be found in the Amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: 16,00016,00016,000
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What kind of forest is the Amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: moist broadleaf forestmoist broadleaf foresttropical
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How many square kilometers is the Amazon Basin?
Ground Truth Answers: 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,707,000,0007,000,000 square kilometres
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How many nations are within the Amazon Basin?
Ground Truth Answers: nine nationsninenine
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Which nation contains the majority of the amazon forest?
Ground Truth Answers: BrazilBrazilBrazil
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What is the estimate for the amount of tree species in the amazon tropical rain forest?
Ground Truth Answers: 16,000 species16,00016,000
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Amazonia or the Amazon jungle are no longer used to refer to what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What covers most of the Amazon basin of Central America?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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201,000,000 sq mi of rainforest cover what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Nineteen nations have what in this region?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Amazon represents less than half of the planets remaining what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum. However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species.
Which type of climate may have allowed the rainforest to spread across the continent?
Ground Truth Answers: the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.wetterwetter
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What has allowed for the Savanna region to expand into the tropics?
Ground Truth Answers: Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics.Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million yearsClimate fluctuations
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During what time did the rainforest spanned a narrow band?
Ground Truth Answers: During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band.OligoceneOligocene
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When did it retract to a inland formation?
Ground Truth Answers: It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum.Middle Mioceneat the last glacial maximum
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Did the rainforest managed to thrive during the glacial periods?
Ground Truth Answers: However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species.still managed to thrive
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What may have caused rainforests to grow across South America?
Ground Truth Answers: the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climateextinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climateextinction of the dinosaurs
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How many degrees south did the Amazon rainforest reach from 66-34 Mya?
Ground Truth Answers: 4545°45°
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What has caused savanna regions to grow into the South American tropics in the last 34 million years?
Ground Truth Answers: Climate fluctuationsClimate fluctuationsClimate fluctuations
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During which period in history was the Amazon rainforest a narrow band of forest?
Ground Truth Answers: OligoceneOligoceneOligocene
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What did the Amazon rainforest do during the Middle Miocene?
Ground Truth Answers: It expandedexpandedexpanded
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What extinction event might have created some conditions allowing the expansion of the amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction eventdinosaursdinosaurs
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Beginning how many years ago did the amazon rainforest extend 45 degrees south?
Ground Truth Answers: 66–34 Mya66–34
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After the Oligocene period, under what period did the amazon rainforest begin to expand?
Ground Truth Answers: Middle MioceneMiddle MioceneMiddle Miocene
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The amazon rainforest became a mostly inland forest around which global event?
Ground Truth Answers: last glacial maximumlast glacial maximumlast glacial maximum
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Savannah areas expanded over the last how many years?
Ground Truth Answers: 34 million years34 million34 million
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What type of climate stop reinforced from spreading across the continent?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The extinction of what led to the decline of rainforests?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What extended as far north as 45°?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Climate fluctuations have stopped the savanna from doing what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The rain force failed to thrive during what periods?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solimões Basin. Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.
In which point did the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
Ground Truth Answers: During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.During the mid-Eocenemid-Eocene
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In which direction did the water on the eastern side flow?
Ground Truth Answers: Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic,toward the Atlantictoward the Atlantic
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What is the name of the basin that was created from a enclosed lake?
Ground Truth Answers: Solimões BasinSolimões BasinSolimões Basin
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How long ago was it when the water broke through the Purus Arch?
Ground Truth Answers: Within the last 5–10 million yearsWithin the last 5–10 million yearslast 5–10 million years
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Where did it join in the direction of its flow?
Ground Truth Answers: joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.the easterly floweasterly
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When was the drainage basin of the Amazon believed to have split in the middle of South America?
Ground Truth Answers: During the mid-EoceneDuring the mid-EoceneDuring the mid-Eocene
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Where did water to the east of the Amazon drainage basin flow towards?
Ground Truth Answers: the Atlanticthe AtlanticAtlantic
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Where did water to the west of the Amazon drainage basin flow towards?
Ground Truth Answers: the Pacificthe PacificPacific
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What did water that flowed towards the Pacific have to flow across during the mid-Eocene?
Ground Truth Answers: Amazonas BasinAmazonas BasinAndes Mountains
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What basin was formed when the Andes Mountains rose?
Ground Truth Answers: the Solimões BasinSolimões BasinSolimões Basin
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During what period the drainage basin of the Amazon likely split?
Ground Truth Answers: the mid-Eocenethe mid-Eocenemid-Eocene
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Near where in the continent is it believed that the Amazon basin split?
Ground Truth Answers: Purus Archalong the middlePurus Arch
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Where did water on the eastern side of the amazon basin travel after the split?
Ground Truth Answers: the Atlanticthe AtlanticAtlantic
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Where did the water in the Amazon Basin flow towards when moving west?
Ground Truth Answers: the Pacificthe PacificPacific
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What is the lake known as which was created by the rise of the Andes Mountains?
Ground Truth Answers: Solimões BasinSolimões BasinSolimões Basin
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What split the Amazon drainage basin along the northern part of the continent?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Water on the eastern side float away from what ocean?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Water on the west side flowed below the basin and towards which ocean?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Rocky Mountains enclosed a late creating what basing?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Water from broke through and joined the westward flow to the Pacific?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin. There is debate, however, over how extensive this reduction was. Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today. This debate has proved difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.
What does LGM stands for?
Ground Truth Answers: Last Glacial MaximumLast Glacial MaximumLast Glacial Maximum
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What did the analysis from the sediment deposits indicate?
Ground Truth Answers: rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the presentrainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the presentrainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower
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What are some of scientists arguments?
Ground Truth Answers: the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grasslandthe rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grasslandrainforest was reduced
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How has this debate been proven?
Ground Truth Answers: This debate has proved difficultdifficult to resolve
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How are the explanations supported?
Ground Truth Answers: explanations are reasonably well supportedby the available datareasonably well
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There have been major changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last how many years?
Ground Truth Answers: 21,00021,00021,000
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What caused changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation?
Ground Truth Answers: the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciationrainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the presentrainfall
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What has been analyzed to compare Amazon rainfall in the past and present?
Ground Truth Answers: sediment depositssediment depositssediment deposits
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What has the lower rainfall in the Amazon during the LGM been attributed to?
Ground Truth Answers: reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basinreduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basinreduced moist tropical vegetation cover
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Many changes in the vegetation of the amazon rainforest took place since the Last Glacial Maximum, which was how many years ago?
Ground Truth Answers: 21,00021,00021,000
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Analysis of what kind of deposits from the Amazon Fan indicates a change in rainfall in the Amazon basin?
Ground Truth Answers: sediment depositssedimentsediment
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Changes in rainfall reduced what kind of vegetation cover in the Amazon basin?
Ground Truth Answers: moist tropical vegetation covermoist tropicaltropical
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Scientists disagree with how the Amazon rainforest changed over time with some arguing that it was reduced to isolated refugia seperated by what?
Ground Truth Answers: open forest and grasslandopen forest and grasslandopen forest and grassland
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Why is it difficult to resolve disagreements about the changes in the Amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basinpractical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basinpractical limitations of working in the rainforest
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There have been insignificant changes in the Amazon rain forest vegetation through the last what
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What was higher during the LGM than the present?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What has been easily proven about the rain forest
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Data sampling strongly supports that what remained largely intact??
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons (15%) of dust fall over the Amazon basin, 132 million tons of dust remain in the air, 43 million tons of dust are windblown and falls on the Caribbean Sea, past 75 degrees west longitude.
What is the name of the satellite that measured the amount of dust?
Ground Truth Answers: CALIPSOCALIPSOCALIPSO
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How many tons of dust are blown from the Sahara each year?
Ground Truth Answers: 182 million tons182 millionan average 182 million
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How many miles does the dust travels over the Atlantic Ocean?
Ground Truth Answers: 1,600 miles1,6001,600 miles
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Which basin does the dust falls over into?
Ground Truth Answers: Amazon basinAmazonAmazon
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How many tons of dust remains in the air?
Ground Truth Answers: 132 million tons132 million tons132 million
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What tool has measured the amount of dust that travels from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: NASA's CALIPSO satelliteNASA's CALIPSO satellitesatellite
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How much dust is blown out of the Sahara each year?
Ground Truth Answers: 182 million tons182 million tons182 million tons
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How much Saharan dust falls over the Amazon basin each year?
Ground Truth Answers: 27.7 million tons27.7 million tons27.7 million tons
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How much Saharan dust remains in the air over the Amazon each year?
Ground Truth Answers: 132 million tons132 million tons132 million tons
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How much Saharan dust is blown and falls upon the Caribbean Sea each year?
Ground Truth Answers: 43 million tons43 million tons43 million tons
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A satellite that measured the amount of dust going to the Amazon was named what?
Ground Truth Answers: CALIPSOCALIPSOCALIPSO
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What organization runs the satellite that measured dust that landed on the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: NASANASANASA's
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How much windblown dust leaves the Sahara each year?
Ground Truth Answers: 182 million tons182 million tons182 million tons
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How many miles across the Atlantic Ocean does Saharan dust travel?
Ground Truth Answers: 1,600 miles1,6001,600
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How many tons of Saharan dust falls on the Amazon Basin each year?
Ground Truth Answers: 27.7 million tons27.7 million27.7 million tons
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What is the name of the satellite that measured the amount of vegetation from the so hard to the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How many tons of dust are blown from the rain forest each year?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How many miles is a dust travel over the Pacific?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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How much dust is blown into the sonar every year
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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48 million tons of dust are blown onto what C every year?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise. She claimed that a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting, with agriculture needed to host a larger population. However, recent anthropological findings have suggested that the region was actually densely populated. Some 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500, divided between dense coastal settlements, such as that at Marajó, and inland dwellers. By 1900 the population had fallen to 1 million and by the early 1980s it was less than 200,000.
What is the name of the book written by Archeologist Betty Meggers?
Ground Truth Answers: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ParadiseAmazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ParadiseAmazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.
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What is the maximum square miles did Betty Meggers claim that can be sustained in the rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: 0.52/sq mi0.520.52/sq mi
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What would be needed to host a larger population?
Ground Truth Answers: agricultureagricultureagriculture
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Which findings suggested that the region was densely populated?
Ground Truth Answers: anthropologicalanthropologicalrecent anthropological
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How many people may have lived in the Amazon region during AD 1500?
Ground Truth Answers: 5 million5 million5 million
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What feature of the Amazon made people believe it couldn't have many inhabitants?
Ground Truth Answers: the poor soilpoor soilpoor soil.
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What well-known archeologist believed the Amazon didn't have many inhabitants?
Ground Truth Answers: Betty MeggersBetty MeggersBetty Meggers
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How many inhabitants did Betty Meggers believe could occupy each square kilometre of the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: 0.20.20.2
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In what book did Betty Meggers describe the idea of the Amazon being sparsely populated?
Ground Truth Answers: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ParadiseAmazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ParadiseAmazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise
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Which archaeologist proposed the idea that the Amazon rainforest couldn't sustain large populations?
Ground Truth Answers: Betty MeggersBetty MeggersBetty Meggers
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Which book discussed the theory about low populations in the Amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ParadiseAmazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ParadiseAmazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise
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What was the theorized maximum population density per square kilometre for the Amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre0.2 inhabitants0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre
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In 1500 AD how many people were believed to have lived in the Amazon region?
Ground Truth Answers: 5 million people5 millionSome 5 million
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In the 1980s what was the population of the amazon region?
Ground Truth Answers: 200,000.less than 200,000less than 200,000
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What is the name of the book edited by archaeologist Betty Meggers?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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For a long time it was believed that what was heavily populated?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who claimed that only two inhabitants per square kilometer could be sustained in the rain forest?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Betty Meggers said that hunting was needed to support a large population where?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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More than 200,000 people lived in a rain forest during what decade?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 1540s. It is believed that the civilization was later devastated by the spread of diseases from Europe, such as smallpox. Since the 1970s, numerous geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between AD 0–1250, furthering claims about Pre-Columbian civilizations. Ondemar Dias is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs in 1977 and Alceu Ranzi with furthering their discovery after flying over Acre. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presented evidence that the Amazon rainforest, rather than being a pristine wilderness, has been shaped by man for at least 11,000 years through practices such as forest gardening and terra preta.
Who was the first European to travel the Amazon River?
Ground Truth Answers: Francisco de OrellanaFrancisco de OrellanaFrancisco de Orellana
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During what time did civilization in the Amazon was flourishing when Orellana made his observations?
Ground Truth Answers: 1540s1540s1540s
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What was believed to be the cause of devastation to the civilization?
Ground Truth Answers: diseases from Europethe spread of diseases from Europespread of diseases from Europe
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How long since it's been that geoglyphs were first discovered on deforested land?
Ground Truth Answers: 1970sSince the 1970s1970s
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What time period did the geoglyphs date back to?
Ground Truth Answers: AD 0–1250between AD 0–1250AD 0–1250
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Who was the first European to travel the entire length of the Amazon River?
Ground Truth Answers: Francisco de OrellanaFrancisco de OrellanaFrancisco de Orellana
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In what year did the first European travel the entire length of the Amazon River?
Ground Truth Answers: 154215421542
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Geoglyphs dating to what period were found in deforested land along the Amazon River?
Ground Truth Answers: AD 0–1250between AD 0–1250AD 0–1250
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Who is given credit for discovering geoglyphs along the Amazon River?
Ground Truth Answers: Ondemar DiasOndemar DiasOndemar Dias
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For how many years was evidence shown that humans shaped the the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: 11,000 yearsat least 11,000 yearsat least 11,000 years
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Who was the first American to travel to Amazon River
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Who made exaggerated claims about a complex civilization in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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In the 1540s what region lacked a complex civilization?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What do diseases from Africa cause?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The BBC's documentary presented evidence that the Amazon had been a pristine wilderness for at least how long?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest, is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management. The development of this fertile soil allowed agriculture and silviculture in the previously hostile environment; meaning that large portions of the Amazon rainforest are probably the result of centuries of human management, rather than naturally occurring as has previously been supposed. In the region of the Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida. Among those were evidence of roads, bridges and large plazas.
What is terra preta called?
Ground Truth Answers: black earthblack earthblack earth
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How much is terra preta distributed over the Amazon forest?
Ground Truth Answers: large areasover large areasover large areas
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What did the development of this fertile soil provide in hostile environment?
Ground Truth Answers: agriculture and silvicultureallowed agriculture and silvicultureagriculture and silviculture
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In which region tribe were large settlements discovered?
Ground Truth Answers: Xingu tribeXinguXingu
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Who discovered this and where did they come from?
Ground Truth Answers: Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of FloridaMichael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of FloridaMichael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida
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What type of soil is considered a product of soil management by indigenous peoples in the Amazon Forest?
Ground Truth Answers: Terra preta (black earth)Terra pretablack earth
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The development of Terra Preta allowed for what to happen in the Amazon Forest?
Ground Truth Answers: agriculture and silvicultureagriculture and silvicultureagriculture and silviculture
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In lands attributed to what tribe are found remains of large settlements?
Ground Truth Answers: Xingu tribeXinguXingu
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Who is credited with finding evidence of large settlements in the Amazon forest?
Ground Truth Answers: Michael Heckenberger and colleaguesMichael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of FloridaMichael Heckenberger
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Evidence for what types of structures were found in 2003?
Ground Truth Answers: roads, bridges and large plazasroads, bridges and large plazasroads, bridges and large plazas
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Terra preta is distributor over a small area of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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What is a product of foreign soil management?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Only small portions of the Amazon forest are a result of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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In 2000 who found evidence of a large settlement in the Amazon rain forest?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The poor soil found over much of the Amazon force is a result of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams. Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Brazil alone.
How many species of insects are known in the region?
Ground Truth Answers: 2.5 million2.5 million2.5 million
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What portion of bird species make up the world's total live in the rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: One in fiveOne in fiveOne in five
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How many plant species make up the total in the rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: 40,00040,00040,000
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What is the total make up of fish species living in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: one in five2,2002,200
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How many invertebrate species are known in Brazil alone?
Ground Truth Answers: 96,660 and 128,843between 96,660 and 128,843128,843
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The Amazon region is home to how many species of insect?
Ground Truth Answers: 2.5 millionabout 2.5 million2.5 million
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How many species of bird and mammals are there in the Amazon region?
Ground Truth Answers: 2,000some 2,0002,000
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How many plant species are estimated to be in the Amazon region?
Ground Truth Answers: 40,000tens of thousandstens of thousands
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How many reptiles have been discovered in the Amazon region?
Ground Truth Answers: 378378378
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What amount of bird species on earth are found in the Amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: One in five1,294One in five of all the bird species in the world
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The region is home to 25 million what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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One in seven of the worlds bird species live where?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Between 96,660 and 128,843 vertebrate species live where?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The Amazon rivers and streams contain how many reptiles?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth with one 2001 study finding a quarter square kilometer (62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species. A study in 1999 found one square kilometer (247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The average plant biomass is estimated at 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued. The total number of tree species in the region is estimated at 16,000.
How many kilometers of acres of the Ecuadorian rainforest is supported?
Ground Truth Answers: 62 acresquarter squarequarter square62
Prediction:
How many tree species are in the rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: 1,100more than 1,100more than 1,1001,100
Prediction:
How many tons of living plants are in the rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: 90,790about 90,790about 90,79090,790
Prediction:
What is the average plant biosmass?
Ground Truth Answers: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare
Prediction:
What is the number of plant species in economics and social interest?
Ground Truth Answers: 438,000438,000438,000438,000 species
Prediction:
Where does the Amazon region rate among the entire earth for its amount of biodiversity?
Ground Truth Answers: highest on Earththe highestthe highesthighest
Prediction:
How many tree species were found in one square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest in 2001?
Ground Truth Answers: 1,100more than 1,100more than 1,1001,100
Prediction:
How many tons of live plants were found to live in one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest in 1999?
Ground Truth Answers: 90,790 tonnesabout 90,790about 90,79090,790 tonnes
Prediction:
What is the average weight of the biomass per hectare in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: 356 ± 47 tonnes356 ± 47 tonnes356 ± 47 tonnes356 ± 47 tonnes
Prediction:
How many plant species are of interest to society and manufacturers exist in the amazon rainforest?
Ground Truth Answers: 438,000438,000438,000438,000
Prediction:
The biodiversity of what is the lowest on earth?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What rain forced supports more than 11,003 species
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
A 1999 study found that 100 km² of rain forest contain how many living plants?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
4380 species of what have been registered?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
There there are very few what remain to be discovered?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The rainforest contains several species that can pose a hazard. Among the largest predatory creatures are the black caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda. In the river, electric eels can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill, while piranha are known to bite and injure humans. Various species of poison dart frogs secrete lipophilic alkaloid toxins through their flesh. There are also numerous parasites and disease vectors. Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus. Malaria, yellow fever and Dengue fever can also be contracted in the Amazon region.
Which animal that lives in the Amazon river may produce a deadly shock?
Ground Truth Answers: electric eelselectric eelselectric eels
Prediction:
Large predators of the Amazon rainforest include the jaguar, cougar, and anaconda, what is one other example?
Ground Truth Answers: black caimanblack caimanblack caiman
Prediction:
What fish living in the Amazon river is known to bit humans?
Ground Truth Answers: piranhapiranhapiranha
Prediction:
What are dart frogs are known to secrete?
Ground Truth Answers: lipophilic alkaloid toxinslipophilic alkaloid toxinslipophilic alkaloid toxins
Prediction:
What type of bat that lives in the Amazon rainforest can spread rabies?
Ground Truth Answers: Vampire batsVampireVampire
Prediction:
Which animal living in the Amazon River produces a mild shock?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Among the smallest predatory creatures are the black Caiman and what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Piranha did not actually do what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Various species of lizards secrete what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
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Vampire bats do not actually spread what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement and development of the land. Prior to the early 1960s, access to the forest's interior was highly restricted, and the forest remained basically intact. Farms established during the 1960s were based on crop cultivation and the slash and burn method. However, the colonists were unable to manage their fields and the crops because of the loss of soil fertility and weed invasion. The soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short period of time, so farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land. These farming practices led to deforestation and caused extensive environmental damage. Deforestation is considerable, and areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye from outer space.
What is the process of removing trees from a forest known as?
Ground Truth Answers: DeforestationDeforestationDeforestation
Prediction:
Acessing the Amazon rainforest was restricted before what era?
Ground Truth Answers: the early 1960searly 1960s1960s
Prediction:
What method was used to clear forest for crop cultivation in the amazon forest?
Ground Truth Answers: slash and burn methodslash and burnslash and burn
Prediction:
What are two factors that made it difficult for colonists to the Amazon forest to survive?
Ground Truth Answers: loss of soil fertility and weed invasionloss of soil fertility and weed invasionsoil fertility and weed invasion
Prediction:
What is notable about the Amazon forest when it is seen from space?
Ground Truth Answers: areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eyeareas cleared of forestareas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye
Prediction:
The process of growing more trees in the forest is known as what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Assessing the Amazon rain forest was restricted after what era?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Prior to 1960 what method was used to clear forest?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What is productive for a long period of time in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Areas of heavy forest are visible to the naked eye from where?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle. Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture. Currently, Brazil is the second-largest global producer of soybeans after the United States. New research however, conducted by Leydimere Oliveira et al., has shown that the more rainforest is logged in the Amazon, the less precipitation reaches the area and so the lower the yield per hectare becomes. So despite the popular perception, there has been no economical advantage for Brazil from logging rainforest zones and converting these to pastoral fields.
How many square kilometres of the Amazon forest was lost by 1991?
Ground Truth Answers: 415,000415,000 to 587,000415,000
Prediction:
In the year 2000 how many square kilometres of the Amazon forest had been lost?
Ground Truth Answers: 587,000587,000587,000
Prediction:
What is most of the cleared land in the Amazon region used for?
Ground Truth Answers: pasture for cattlepasture for cattlepasture for cattle
Prediction:
Where is Brazil ranked globally in soybean production?
Ground Truth Answers: second-largest global producersecondsecond-largest
Prediction:
What percentage of the land cleared in the Amazon is used for growing livestock?
Ground Truth Answers: 91%9191%
Prediction:
41,500 square kilometres of Amazon force were lost between what years?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What is the second smallest global producer of soybean?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
91% of what is used for farming?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who showed that blogging increases precipitation in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The needs of soy farmers have been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon. The first two highways successfully opened up the rainforest and led to increased settlement and deforestation. The mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005 (22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18% higher than in the previous five years (19,018 km2 or 7,343 sq mi per year). Although deforestation has declined significantly in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014, there has been an increase to the present day.
Highways built in the Amazon rainforest were built primarily for what kind of farmers?
Ground Truth Answers: soy farmerssoysoy
Prediction:
What did creating highways in the Amazon rainforest lead to?
Ground Truth Answers: increased settlement and deforestationincreased settlement and deforestationincreased settlement and deforestation
Prediction:
The rate of clearing of forest from 2000 to 2005 was how many square miles per year?
Ground Truth Answers: 8,646 sq mi22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi8,646
Prediction:
How much higher was the rate of deforestation in 2000, to 2005 compared to 1995 to 2000?
Ground Truth Answers: 18% higher18%18%
Prediction:
What happened to the rate of deforestation in the Amazon region of Brazil between 2004 and 2014?
Ground Truth Answers: deforestation has declineddeclined significantlydeclined significantly
Prediction:
What type of farmers have opposed many of the transportation projects in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was unsuccessful in opening the rain forced Emily to decrease settlement?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The deforestation decreased by 18% during what years?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
deforestation increased in Brazil during what years?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What type of projects are widely supported?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Environmentalists are concerned about loss of biodiversity that will result from destruction of the forest, and also about the release of the carbon contained within the vegetation, which could accelerate global warming. Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems—of the order of 1.1 × 1011 metric tonnes of carbon. Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 ± 0.37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996.
What are environmentalists concerned about losing in the Amazon forest?
Ground Truth Answers: loss of biodiversitybiodiversitybiodiversity
Prediction:
The loss of biodiversity may be the result of what, according to environmentalists?
Ground Truth Answers: destruction of the forestdestruction of the forestdestruction of the forest
Prediction:
What are environmentalists concerned about having released from the Amazon region?
Ground Truth Answers: carbon contained within the vegetationcarbon contained within the vegetationcarbon
Prediction:
What amount of the worlds carbon is stored in the Amazon forest?
Ground Truth Answers: 10% of the carbon stores10%10%
Prediction:
How many metric tons of carbon are believed to be stored in the Amazon forest?
Ground Truth Answers: 1.1 × 1011 metric tonnes1.1 × 10111.1 × 1011
Prediction:
Loss of biodiversity is not a concern of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Release of carbon contained in vegetation will slow down what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The Amazon forest stores what percentage of the world's carbon dioxide
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
How many metric tons of carbon are believed to be released from the Amazon rain forest each year?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100. However, simulations of Amazon basin climate change across many different models are not consistent in their estimation of any rainfall response, ranging from weak increases to strong decreases. The result indicates that the rainforest could be threatened though the 21st century by climate change in addition to deforestation.
What change in conditions may make the Amazon rainforest unsustainable?
Ground Truth Answers: reduced rainfall and increased temperaturesseverely reduced rainfall and increased temperaturesseverely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures
Prediction:
A complete loss of rainforest cover may be caused by what type of emissions?
Ground Truth Answers: greenhouse gas emissionsgreenhouse gasgreenhouse gas
Prediction:
If one computer model turns out correct, by what year would there be a nearly complete loss of rainforest in the Amazon basin?
Ground Truth Answers: 2100by 21002100
Prediction:
How long may the Amazon rainforest be threatened, according to some computer models?
Ground Truth Answers: though the 21st centurythough the 21st centurythough the 21st century
Prediction:
What are the main threats facing the Amazon rainforest in the current century?
Ground Truth Answers: climate change in addition to deforestationclimate change in addition to deforestationclimate change in addition to deforestation
Prediction:
Increased rainfall and decreased temperatures may make what unsustainable?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
A decrease in greenhouse gases may lead to a complete loss of what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Some computer models suggest the rain forest will become threatened after what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Hunting and population are the main threats facing what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Simulation of what is consistent across different models?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
As indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples has gained increased attention, as have ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts.
What kind of territories are being destroyed by ecocide in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: indigenous territoriesindigenousindigenous
Prediction:
What type of conservation effort is gaining attention in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: community-based conservationcommunity-basedcommunity-based
Prediction:
Indigenous territories are largely being destroyed in what two ways?
Ground Truth Answers: deforestation and ecocidedeforestation and ecocidedeforestation and ecocide
Prediction:
The Peruvian Amazon indigienous people are one group struggling in the Amazon, what is another group?
Ground Truth Answers: UrarinaUrarinaUrarina
Prediction:
There is growing interest in what indigenous group in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: lowland South Americanlowland South American peoplesSouth American
Prediction:
Modern settlements continue to be destroyed by what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Community-based conservation efforts are being replaced where
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The Peruvian Amazon indigenous people and what other group continue to grow in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Where has a relationship between humans gained increased attention?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Indigenous territories are being preserved through what type of conservation efforts?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests. Using handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth, members of the Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests of southern Suriname, map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims. Currently, most tribes in the Amazon do not have clearly defined boundaries, making it easier for commercial ventures to target their territories.
What kind of sending technology is being used to protect tribal lands in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: remote sensingremote sensingremote sensing
Prediction:
What tribe uses GPS devices to map lands?
Ground Truth Answers: Trio TribeTrioTrio
Prediction:
Tribal members living in the rainforests of what region are using Google Earth?
Ground Truth Answers: southern Surinamesouthern Surinamesouthern Suriname
Prediction:
What do tribes use Google Earth and GPS for?
Ground Truth Answers: to help strengthen their territorial claimsmap out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claimsmap out their ancestral lands
Prediction:
Why do some tribes use remote sensing technology?
Ground Truth Answers: to protect their tribal lands from commercial intereststo protect their tribal lands from commercial interestsprotect their tribal lands from commercial interests
Prediction:
On-site sensing is being used by indigenous tribes for what
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What makes it easier for the government to target tribal territories?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Most what in the Amazon have clearly defined boundaries?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Commercial ventures are using handheld GPS and Google maps to undermine the indigenous tribes what??
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who is drawing maps of their inset ancestral lands?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions, the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest is crucial. In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories: (1) mature forest, (2) regenerating forest [less than three years], (3) regenerating forest [between three and five years of regrowth], and (4) regenerating forest [eleven to eighteen years of continued development]. The researcher used a combination of Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper (TM) to accurately place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications.
Classifying the stages of what is important to mapping aspects of the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: tree growthtree growth
Prediction:
The classification of aspects of the Amazon forest is important for mapping what type of emission?
Ground Truth Answers: carbon related emissionscarbon relatedcarbon related
Prediction:
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
Ground Truth Answers: Tatiana KuplichTatiana KuplichTatiana Kuplich
Prediction:
In what year did one individual suggest classifying the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
Ground Truth Answers: 200620062006
Prediction:
What type of radar was used to classify trees into four categories?
Ground Truth Answers: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)Synthetic apertureSynthetic aperture radar
Prediction:
The classification of tree decay is important to what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Who organized the trees of the world into four categories?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What type of radar was used to classify the forest by plant type?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was used to classify the Amazon population into four categories
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What was classified in 2008?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In 2005, parts of the Amazon basin experienced the worst drought in one hundred years, and there were indications that 2006 could have been a second successive year of drought. A July 23, 2006 article in the UK newspaper The Independent reported Woods Hole Research Center results showing that the forest in its present form could survive only three years of drought. Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research argue in the article that this drought response, coupled with the effects of deforestation on regional climate, are pushing the rainforest towards a "tipping point" where it would irreversibly start to die. It concludes that the forest is on the brink of being turned into savanna or desert, with catastrophic consequences for the world's climate.
In what year did the Amazon experience its worst drought of recent history?
Ground Truth Answers: 200520052005
Prediction:
What organization predicted that the Amazon forest could survive only three years of drought?
Ground Truth Answers: Woods Hole Research CenterWoods Hole Research CenterWoods Hole Research Center
Prediction:
What organization argued that drought, among other effects, could cause the Amazon forest to reach a "tipping point?"
Ground Truth Answers: Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian ResearchBrazilian National Institute of Amazonian ResearchBrazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research
Prediction:
Along with drought, what is one other factor that is pushing the Amazon rainforest towards a tipping point?
Ground Truth Answers: deforestationdeforestation on regional climatedeforestation
Prediction:
What might the Amazon forest become if it passes the tipping point and starts to die?
Ground Truth Answers: savanna or desertdesertsavanna or desert
Prediction:
In what year did the Amazon basin experience is worst drought in 1000 years?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
What organization predicted that the Amazon force could survive more than three years of drought
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Drought and overpopulation are pushing to the force towards what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The rain forest died there would be little effect on what?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
Savanna and desert were replaced by what in the Amazon?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In 2010 the Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) in 2005. The 2010 drought had three epicenters where vegetation died off, whereas in 2005 the drought was focused on the southwestern part. The findings were published in the journal Science. In a typical year the Amazon absorbs 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide; during 2005 instead 5 gigatons were released and in 2010 8 gigatons were released.
In what year did the Amazon experience a drought that may have been more extreme than in 2005?
Ground Truth Answers: 201020102010
Prediction:
How many square miles large was the region impacted by the 2010 drought?
Ground Truth Answers: 1,160,0001,160,0001,160,000
Prediction:
How many areas were impacted by the the death of vegetation in the 2010 drought?
Ground Truth Answers: three epicentersthree epicentersthree
Prediction:
The southern part of the Amazon forest was mainly impacted by drought in what year?
Ground Truth Answers: 200520052005
Prediction:
How many tons of carbon are absorbed the Amazon in a typical year?
Ground Truth Answers: 1.5 gigatons1.5 gigatons1.5 gigatons
Prediction:
Amazon rain forest experienced another mild drought in what year
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The Amazon releases how much carbon dioxide each year?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
The 2010 drought had three what were vegetation increased?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In 2005 the force absorbed how much carbon dioxide?
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction:
In 2010 the force absorbed 8 Gt of what
Ground Truth Answers: <No Answer>
Prediction: