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Civil_disobedience

The Stanford Question Answering Dataset

One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution. Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws. It has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in India (Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and in East Germany to oust their communist governments, In South Africa in the fight against apartheid, in the American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution in Georgia and the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine, among other various movements worldwide.

What is it called when people in society rebel against laws they think are unfair?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Civil disobedienceCivil disobedienceCivil disobedienceCivil disobedienceCivil disobedience

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What is an example of major civil disobedience in South Africa?

  • Ground Truth Answers: apartheidfight against apartheidthe fight against apartheidthe fight against apartheidSinging Revolution to bring independence to the Baltic countries

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What was the the movement called that brought Baltic countries independence from the Soviet Union?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Singing RevolutionSinging Revolutionthe Singing RevolutionSinging RevolutionSinging Revolution

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In 2004 the Orange revolution occurred in what country?

  • Ground Truth Answers: UkraineUkraineUkraineUkraineUkraine

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Where was the location of the 2003 Rose revolution?

  • Ground Truth Answers: GeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgia

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Which people brought forward one of the earliest examples of Civil Disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: EgyptiansEgyptiansEgyptiansEgyptiansIndia

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Who was one of the earliest examples of Civil Disobedience against?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the BritishBritishEgyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution.British occupationcommunist governments

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Why do people chose civil disobedience to protest?

  • Ground Truth Answers: nonviolent resistanceunfair lawsnonviolent resistance movementsrebelled against what they deem to be unfair

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What does civil disobedience protest against?

  • Ground Truth Answers: unfair lawsunfair lawsunfair laws.unfair lawswhat they deem to be unfair

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What civil rights movement in the US was known for it's disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: American Civil Rights MovementAmerican Civil Rights MovementAmerican Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementAmerican Civil Rights Movement

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One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.

Sophocles demonstrated civil disobedience in a play that was called?

  • Ground Truth Answers: AntigoneAntigoneAntigoneAntigoneAntigone

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Who is Antigone's father in the play?

  • Ground Truth Answers: former King of ThebesOedipusOedipusOedipusKing of Thebes

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What is the name of the current King of Thebes in the play?

  • Ground Truth Answers: CreonCreonCreonCreonCreon

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What character in the play portrays civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: OedipusAntigoneAntigoneAntigoneAntigone

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What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing in the play?

  • Ground Truth Answers: giving her brother Polynices a proper burialtrying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burialgiving her brother Polynices a proper burialgiving her brother Polynices a proper burial.from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial

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What play showed an early depiction of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: AntigoneAntigoneAntigoneAntigoneAntigone

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Antigone was a play made by whom?

  • Ground Truth Answers: SophoclesSophoclesSophoclesSophoclesSophocles

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In Antigone, who was the target of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Creon, the current King of ThebesCreonCreon, the current King of ThebesCreonCreon

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What was the protest in Antigone about?

  • Ground Truth Answers: giving her brother Polynices a proper burialgiving her brother Polynices a proper burialthe current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burialCreon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burialgiving her brother Polynices a proper burial

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How was the civil disobedience shown in Antigone?

  • Ground Truth Answers: obey her conscience rather than human lawShe gives a stirring speechShe gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human lawa stirring speechShe gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law

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Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.

After the Peterloo massacre what poet wrote The Massacre of Anarchy?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Percy ShelleyPercy ShelleyPercy ShelleyPercy ShelleyPercy Shelley

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His poem is considered the first kind of what type of protest?

  • Ground Truth Answers: nonviolentpolitical poemnonviolentnonviolentnonviolent

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Inspired by Shelley what was the name of Gandhi's doctrine?

  • Ground Truth Answers: SatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagraha

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Gandhi often referenced Shelley's poem in his efforts to do what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: free Indiafree Indiacampaign for a free Indiaprotest and political actionduring the campaign for a free India

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What famous author used similarity and likeness of Percy Shelly in his writing?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Henry David ThoreauGandhiHenry David ThoreauHenry David ThoreauGandhi

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Who wrote the poem The Mark of Anarchy?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Percy ShelleyPercy ShelleyPercy ShelleyPercy ShelleyPercy Shelley

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The Mark of Anarchy was written to protest against what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: unjust forms of authorityPeterloo massacreunjust forms of authoritythe unjust forms of authorityPeterloo massacre

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What was the principle shown in The Mark of Anarchy?

  • Ground Truth Answers: principle of nonviolent protestnonviolent protestnonviolent protestnonviolent protestnonviolent protest

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What was Ghandi's work called?

  • Ground Truth Answers: doctrine of SatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagraha

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Which famous Indian practiced civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: GandhiGandhiGandhiGandhiGandhi

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It has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen notes, "It has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agnew it has become a code-word describing the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins."

Vice President Agnew describes Civil disobedience in what activities?

  • Ground Truth Answers: muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassinscivil disobediencemuggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassinsmuggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassinsactivities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins

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What person argues that civil disobedience is used to describe everything?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Marshall CohenMarshall CohenMarshall CohenMarshall CohenMarshall Cohen

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Civil disobedience has been argued in more recent times to have suffered from what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ambiguitydebasedambiguityambiguityambiguity

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More in the present prevalence of civil disobedience has turned and said to be?

  • Ground Truth Answers: utterly debaseddebasedeverything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal officialutterly debased

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In modern times, what is said about civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: become utterly debasedutterly debasedin modern times, become utterly debasedbecome utterly debasedbecome utterly debased

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Who noted the different current uses of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Marshall CohenMarshall CohenMarshall CohenMarshall CohenPresident Agnew

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How has civil disobedience evolved in current times?

  • Ground Truth Answers: code-word describing the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evadersutterly debasedbecome utterly debasedbecome utterly debasedbecome utterly debased

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Who gave a negative connotation to civil disobedience in recent history?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Vice President AgnewVice President AgnewVice President AgnewVice President AgnewMarshall Cohen

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What issue has been plaguing the civil disobedience movement.

  • Ground Truth Answers: ambiguityambiguityambiguityambiguity

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LeGrande writes that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience rapidly finds himself surrounded by a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland, he often finds that specific terminology has no more (or no less) meaning than the individual orator intends it to have." He encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.

Who wrote that it is difficult to produce an all inclusive definition of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: LeGrandeLeGrandeLeGrandeLeGrandeLeGrande

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Le Grande also wrote that defining the term civil disobedience so difficult it could be described as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: impossiblea maze of semantical problems and grammatical nicetiesimpossibleimpossible

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Le grand asks for a variance of what three terms?

  • Ground Truth Answers: lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobediencelawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobediencelawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobediencelawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobediencelawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience

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Le grand states that students studying civil disobedience will often run into grammatical niceties and what other problem?

  • Ground Truth Answers: semanticalsemanticala maze of semantical problemssemanticalsemantical problems

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Le grand concludes that an author's words offer only what they intended for them to imply regarding this type of terminology?

  • Ground Truth Answers: specificcivil disobediencespecificspecific

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Who said that writing a good description of civil disobedience is hard?

  • Ground Truth Answers: LeGrandeLeGrandeLeGrandeLeGrandeLeGrande

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How much literature has been written regarding civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: voluminous literaturevoluminousvoluminousvoluminous

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What issue plagues the literature about civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: semantical problems and grammatical nicetiesmaze of semantical problems and grammatical nicetiessemantical problems and grammatical nicetiessemantical problems and grammatical niceties

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What type of protest falls under civil disobedience without aggression?

  • Ground Truth Answers: nonviolent civil disobediencenonviolent civil disobediencenonviolentnonviolentnonviolent

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What type of civil disobedience is accompanied by aggression?

  • Ground Truth Answers: violent civil disobedienceviolent civil disobedienceviolentviolentviolent

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Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict. For instance, if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience, since the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen.

If the head of government refuses to enforce a decision of the highest court what terminology could be used?

  • Ground Truth Answers: constitutional impasseher or his capacity as public officialcapacity as public officialconstitutional impasse

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Constitutional impasse is different from civil disobedience because does not include what type of person?

  • Ground Truth Answers: citizen'shead of governmentprivate citizenprivate citizenprivate

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How is civil disobedience typically defined in connection of the citizen's?

  • Ground Truth Answers: to the state and its lawsrelation to the state and its lawsa citizen's relation to the state and its laws,pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its lawsas pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws

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When would a person be considered to be excising a constitutional impasse?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public officialtwo public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflicttwo public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflictif the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest courttwo public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict

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Constitutional impasse is distinct from what key term?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Civil disobedienceCivil disobedienceCivil disobedienceCivil disobedienceCivil disobedience

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What does civil disobedience relate to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the state and its lawsa citizen's relation to the state and its lawsa citizen's relation to the state and its lawsa citizen's relation to the state and its lawsa citizen's relation to the state and its laws

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What does not constitute as civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: refuse to enforce a decisionconstitutional impassetwo public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict.a constitutional impasse in which two public agenciesconstitutional impasse

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What type of person can not be attributed civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: head of governmentpublic officialpublic officialpublic

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Civil Disobedience is mainly performed by what population group?

  • Ground Truth Answers: private citizenprivate citizenprivate citizenprivate

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What group of people cannot be part of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: sovereign branches of governmentpublic officialpublic agenciespublic

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However, this definition is disputed by Thoreau's political philosophy pitching the conscience vs. the collective. The individual is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, since only individuals act, only individuals can act unjustly. When the government knocks on the door, it is an individual in the form of a postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood. Before Thoreau’s imprisonment, when a confused taxman had wondered aloud about how to handle his refusal to pay, Thoreau had advised, “Resign.” If a man chose to be an agent of injustice, then Thoreau insisted on confronting him with the fact that he was making a choice. But if government is “the voice of the people,” as it is often called, shouldn’t that voice be heeded? Thoreau admits that government may express the will of the majority but it may also express nothing more than the will of elite politicians. Even a good form of government is “liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it.” Moreover, even if a government did express the voice of the people, this fact would not compel the obedience of individuals who disagree with what is being said. The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government?

What author argues pitching the conscience versus the collective?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ThoreauThoreauThoreauThoreauThoreau's

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What was Thoreau's punishment for not paying his taxes?

  • Ground Truth Answers: imprisonmentimprisonmentimprisonmentimprisonmentimprisonment

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Thoreau argues that usually majority rules but their views collectively are sometimes?

  • Ground Truth Answers: not necessarily rightnot necessarily rightthe will of elite politiciansthe will of elite politiciansnot necessarily right

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What did Thoreau ask a public figure the taxman to do?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Resignrefusal to payResignResignResign

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Thoreau mentions what type of person could corrupt a government system?

  • Ground Truth Answers: elite politicianselite politiciansindividualselite politiciansindividuals

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Who is the final judge of right and wrong?

  • Ground Truth Answers: The individualindividualsThe individualThe individualindividual

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Who is to blame for acting unjustly?

  • Ground Truth Answers: individualsindividualsan individualindividualsindividuals

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Who was famous for disobedience against a tax collector?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ThoreauThoreauThoreauThoreauThoreau

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What advise did Thoreau give the tax collector when unable to perform his duty?

  • Ground Truth Answers: ResignResignResignResignResign

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What did Thoreau claim about the majority?

  • Ground Truth Answers: not necessarily rightmay be powerful but it is not necessarily rightThe majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily rightThe majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily rightmay be powerful but it is not necessarily right

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Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities can be justified if it reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken". The same principle, she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments.

Some theories argue that civil disobedience is justified in regard to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: governmental entitiesagainst governmental entitiesgovernmental entitiesgovernmental entitiesgovernmental entities

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Brownlee argues disobedience can be justified toward what institutions?

  • Ground Truth Answers: trade unions, banks, and private universitiesnon-governmental agenciesdecisions of non-governmental agenciesnon-governmental agenciesnon-governmental agencies

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Brownlee justifies civil disobedience toward what branch of the government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: legal systemforeignlegal systeminternational organizations and foreign governments

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Browlee also applies that civil disobedience is okay regarding?

  • Ground Truth Answers: international organizations and foreign governmentsa larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be takeninternational organizations and foreign governmentsbreaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governmentsopposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities

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Who claims that public companies can also be part of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: BrownleeBrownleeBrownleeBrownleeBrownlee

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What reason is given that you should also protest public companies?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a larger challenge to the legal systemchallenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be takenit reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be takena larger challenge to the legal system

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What do some theories claim about civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: only justified against governmental entitiescivil disobedience is only justified against governmental entitiescivil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities.civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entitiesthat civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities

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What public entity of learning is often target of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: universitiesprivate universitiesprivate universitiesprivate universitiesprivate universities

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It is usually recognized that lawbreaking, if it is not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience. But Stephen Eilmann argues that if it is necessary to disobey rules that conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience rather than simply covert lawbreaking. If a lawyer wishes to help a client overcome legal obstacles to securing her or his natural rights, he might, for instance, find that assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury is more effective than open disobedience. This assumes that common morality does not have a prohibition on deceit in such situations. The Fully Informed Jury Association's publication "A Primer for Prospective Jurors" notes, "Think of the dilemma faced by German citizens when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house." By this definition, civil disobedience could be traced back to the Book of Exodus, where Shiphrah and Puah refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it. (Exodus 1: 15-19)

If law breaking is not done in a public manor it is not considered what term?

  • Ground Truth Answers: civil disobediencelawbreakingcivil disobediencecivil disobediencecivil disobedience

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Stephen Eilmann asks why show public civil disobedience instead what is a better idea?

  • Ground Truth Answers: covert lawbreakinglawbreakingcovert lawbreakingcovert lawbreakingcovert lawbreaking

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Stephen Eilmann demonstrates covert law breaking in Nazi Germany. Citizen's illegally had been doing what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: hiding a Jew in their househiding a Jewhiding a Jew in their househiding a Jew in their househiding a Jew

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Stephen Eildmann cites the oldest known example of civil disobedience in what part of the bible?

  • Ground Truth Answers: (Exodus 1: 15-19)Book of Exodusthe Book of ExodusShiphrah and Puah refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did itBook of Exodus,

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What two women were defying the pharaoh in the story from the book of Exodus?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Shiphrah and PuahShiphrah and PuahShiphrah and PuahShiphrah and PuahShiphrah and Puah

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What must be done to make non public lawbreaking acknowledged as civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: must be publicly announcedpublicly announcedmust be publicly announcedpublicly announcedcivil disobedience

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What is necessary to disobey?

  • Ground Truth Answers: rules that conflict with moralityrules that conflict with moralityrules that conflict with moralityrules that conflict with morality

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What is sometimes more effective than civil disobedience at times?

  • Ground Truth Answers: fabricating evidence or committing perjuryfabricating evidence or committing perjurycovert lawbreakingassisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjurycovert lawbreaking

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What dilemma is a good example of moral civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the dilemma faced by German citizensGerman citizens when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their housethe dilemma faced by German citizensthe dilemma faced by German citizens when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house

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What book of the Bible discusses civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Book of ExodusExodusExodusExodusExodus

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There have been debates as to whether civil disobedience must necessarily be non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience. Christian Bay's encyclopedia article states that civil disobedience requires "carefully chosen and legitimate means," but holds that they do not have to be non-violent. It has been argued that, while both civil disobedience and civil rebellion are justified by appeal to constitutional defects, rebellion is much more destructive; therefore, the defects justifying rebellion must be much more serious than those justifying disobedience, and if one cannot justify civil rebellion, then one cannot justify a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience.

Cristian Bay's encyclopedia concludes that civil disobedience does not only include what behavior?

  • Ground Truth Answers: non-violencenon-violentnon-violentnon-violentnon-violent

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What dictionary contains a non- violent definition?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Black's LawBlack's Law DictionaryBlack's Law DictionaryBlack's Law DictionaryBlack's Law Dictionary

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What other terminology is considered much more destructive?

  • Ground Truth Answers: civil rebellionrebellioncivil rebellion are justified by appeal to constitutional defects, rebellion is much morerebellionrebellion

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People behaving with civil disobedience that is not-violent is said to make society have more of what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: tolerancetolerance of civil disobediencetolerance of civil disobediencetolerance of civil disobediencetolerance

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Debates about civil disobedience include or exclude what major practice?

  • Ground Truth Answers: violencenon-violentappeal to constitutional defectsviolencecivil disobedience

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What type of civil disobedience is commonly accepted?

  • Ground Truth Answers: non-violentnon-violentnon-violentnon-violentnon-violence

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When violence is used, what is civil disobedience sometimes called?

  • Ground Truth Answers: civil rebellioncivil rebellioncivil rebellionrebellionrebellion

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What is one result of civil rebellion?

  • Ground Truth Answers: destructiveuse of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrestrebellion is much more destructiverebellion is much more destructiveforce and violence and refusal to submit to arrest

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Why is it preferred that civil disobedience is non violent?

  • Ground Truth Answers: help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobediencepreserve society's tolerance of civil disobediencerebellion is much more destructiveCivil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobediencehelp preserve society's tolerance

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Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged "wrong" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. "cultural revolution", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing "peaceable revolution." Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to "alter or abolish" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. 

What is it called when there is an active attempt to overthrow a government or belief system?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Revolutionary civil disobedienceRevolutionary civil disobedienceRevolutionary civil disobedienceRevolutionary civil disobedienceRevolutionary civil disobedience

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What group of people performed revolutionary civil disobedience toward the Austrian government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: HungariansHungariansthe Hungarians under Ferenc DeákHungariansHungarians

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The Hungarians performed this civil disobedience under the direction of what person?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Ferenc DeákFerenc DeákFerenc DeákFerenc DeákFerenc Deák

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Revolutionary civil disobedience towards culture is highlighted by example of who?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Gandhi'sGandhiGandhiGandhi's

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What other topics can Civil disobedience pertain to?

  • Ground Truth Answers: cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefsrevolutionary civil disobediencechange cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etccultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefspeaceable revolution

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What is a simple form of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: disobedience of lawsNon-revolutionary civil disobedienceNon-revolutionary civil disobedienceNon-revolutionarycultural revolution

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Why would a person chose civil disobedience against specific laws?

  • Ground Truth Answers: judged "wrong" by an individual consciencethey are judged "wrong" by an individual consciencethey are judged "wrong" by an individual conscienceto cause their repealthey are judged "wrong" by an individual conscience

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What is the goal of individual civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: render certain laws ineffectiveto render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issuerender certain laws ineffective, to cause their repealt to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issueto render certain laws ineffective,

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What type of civil disobedience is larger scale?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Revolutionary civil disobedienceRevolutionary civil disobedienceRevolutionary civil disobedienceRevolutionaryRevolutionary

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What famous Indian's actions were considered civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: GandhiGandhi'sGandhi'sGandhiGandhi's

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The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[citation needed]. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem.[citation needed][original research?] In modern times, some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met, such as favorable bail conditions, or the release of all the activists. This is a form of jail solidarity.[page needed] There have also been many instances of solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau, but these sometimes go unnoticed. Thoreau, at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened. The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.

When did the earliest examples of civil disobedience as a whole occur?

  • Ground Truth Answers: during the Roman EmpireRoman Empireduring the Roman Empirethe Roman Empireduring the Roman Empire

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What did the Jewish people do so pagan items wouldn't be in the temple of Jerusalem?

  • Ground Truth Answers: gathered in the streetsgathered in the streetsgathered in the streetsgathered in the streetsgathered in the streets

  • Prediction:

Since Thoreau was not a well known writer what happened when he was arrested?

  • Ground Truth Answers: was not covered in any newspaperswas not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened.his arrest was not covered in any newspapershis arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happenedhis arrest was not covered in any newspapers

  • Prediction:

What position did the tax collector that arrested Thoreau get?

  • Ground Truth Answers: rose to higher political officehigher political officehigher political officerose to higher political officehigher political office

  • Prediction:

When was Thoreau's essay published?

  • Ground Truth Answers: after the end of the Mexican Warend of the Mexican Warafter the end of the Mexican War.after the end of the Mexican Warafter the end of the Mexican War

  • Prediction:

When is the oldest recorded incident of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: during the Roman Empireduring the Roman Empireduring the Roman Empireduring the Roman Empireduring the Roman Empire

  • Prediction:

What was the goal of this Roman disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: prevent the installation of pagan imagesprevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalemprevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalemto prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalemprevent the installation of pagan images

  • Prediction:

What is a recent civil disobedience done in a group form?

  • Ground Truth Answers: refuse to sign bailcollectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are metsome activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are metjail solidarity

  • Prediction:

What is the civil disobedience called where people refuse to be released?

  • Ground Truth Answers: jail solidaritysolitary civil disobediencejail solidarityjail solidarityjail solidarity

  • Prediction:

How long did it take for Thoreau's disobedience to be known?

  • Ground Truth Answers: until after the end of the Mexican Warmonthsmonths after it happenedThoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican Warafter the end of the Mexican War

  • Prediction:

Civil disobedients have chosen a variety of different illegal acts. Bedau writes, "There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience, which, even if they were widely practiced, would in themselves constitute hardly more than a nuisance (e.g. trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation)...Such acts are often just a harassment and, at least to the bystander, somewhat inane...The remoteness of the connection between the disobedient act and the objectionable law lays such acts open to the charge of ineffectiveness and absurdity." Bedau also notes, though, that the very harmlessness of such entirely symbolic illegal protests toward public policy goals may serve a propaganda purpose. Some civil disobedients, such as the proprietors of illegal medical cannabis dispensaries and Voice in the Wilderness, which brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. Government, directly achieve a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days, successfully preventing it from being cut down.

Civil disobedients have chosen many different kinds of what type of behaviors?

  • Ground Truth Answers: illegalillegal actsillegal actsillegal actsillegal acts

  • Prediction:

Bedau notes that illegal protests towards public policy may serve as what purpose?

  • Ground Truth Answers: propagandapropagandapropagandapropagandajust a harassment

  • Prediction:

What group of civil disobedients brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Voice in the WildernessVoice in the WildernessVoice in the WildernessVoice in the WildernessVoice in the Wilderness

  • Prediction:

How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in a tree?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 738 days738 days738 days738 days738 days

  • Prediction:

What was the outcome of living in the California Redwood tree?

  • Ground Truth Answers: successfully preventing it from being cut downsuccessfully preventing it from being cut downsuccessfully preventing it from being cut downsuccessfully preventing it from being cut downpreventing it from being cut down

  • Prediction:

What type of actions are taken sometimes in civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: illegal actssymbolic illegal protestssymbolic illegal protestsa variety of different illegal actsillegal

  • Prediction:

What is an example of illegal disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: trespassing at a nuclear-missile installationsymbolic illegal proteststrespassing at a nuclear-missile installationthe proprietors of illegal medical cannabis dispensariestrespassing at a nuclear-missile installation

  • Prediction:

Such protests are usually considered to be what type?

  • Ground Truth Answers: entirely symbolicsymbolic illegal protestsharassmentsymbolicinane

  • Prediction:

What type of goals are usually done skirting the law?

  • Ground Truth Answers: social goalsocial goalprotests toward public policypropagandasocial

  • Prediction:

Who lived in a tree to prevent it from being cut down as a form of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Julia Butterfly HillJulia Butterfly HillJulia Butterfly HillJulia Butterfly HillJulia Butterfly Hill

  • Prediction:

In cases where the criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track "Filthy Words" from a George Carlin comedy album, which eventually led to the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation. Threatening government officials is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, "Wise up or die."

What was Joseph Haas arrested for?

  • Ground Truth Answers: sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilorssending an emailsending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilorssending an emailsending an email to the Lebanon

  • Prediction:

What did Joseph Haas say in his email?

  • Ground Truth Answers: "Wise up or die."Wise up or die"Wise up or die."Wise up or dieWise up or die

  • Prediction:

Civil disobedience can occur when people speak about a certain topic that is deemed as?

  • Ground Truth Answers: criminalized behaviorforbidden speechcriminalized behaviorforbiddenforbidden

  • Prediction:

WBAI's broadcasting Some of George Carlin's comedy eventually led to what?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica FoundationSupreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica FoundationFCC v. Pacifica Foundationthe 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

  • Prediction:

What year did the the case go before the supreme court?

  • Ground Truth Answers: 19781978197819781978

  • Prediction:

What is one criminal behavior that is hard to stop by authorities?

  • Ground Truth Answers: pure speechforbidden speechpure speechengaging in the forbidden speech

  • Prediction:

What is one way to use pure speech to reach as much people as possible to protest?

  • Ground Truth Answers: broadcastingengaging in the forbidden speechbroadcastingbroadcasting

  • Prediction:

How can you protest against the government in an individual way?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Threatening government officialsforbidden speechengaging in the forbidden speechspeechThreatening government officials

  • Prediction:

What is one way of digital civil disobedience that can have far reaching consequences?

  • Ground Truth Answers: sending an emailemailSupreme Court casebroadcasting

  • Prediction:

Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that "although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table." The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.

Boycotting, refusing to pay taxes, sit ins, and draft dodging all make what harder?

  • Ground Truth Answers: system to functionsystem to functionfor a system to functionfor a system to functionfor a system to function

  • Prediction:

Name one way the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?

  • Ground Truth Answers: by padlocking the gatespadlocking the gatespadlocking the gatespadlocking the gatespadlocking the gates

  • Prediction:

Name the other way that the Plowshares organization temporarily closed?

  • Ground Truth Answers: using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishesusing sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishesusing sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishesusing sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishesusing sickles to deflate one of the large domes

  • Prediction:

Brownlee argues that sometimes people behave in what way to have their issue heard?

  • Ground Truth Answers: limited coercioncivil disobedienceemploy limited coercionlimited coercionemploy limited coercion

  • Prediction:

When large groups of people all boycott a system or don't pay taxes it can be considered?

  • Ground Truth Answers: coercivecivil disobediencecoercivecoercivecivil disobedience

  • Prediction:

What is a type of disobedience against the federal government?

  • Ground Truth Answers: refusals to pay taxescivil disobediencerefusals to pay taxesrefusals to pay taxesrefusals to pay taxes

  • Prediction:

What side effect of these type of protests is unfortunate?

  • Ground Truth Answers: coercionmake it more difficult for a system to functionmake it more difficult for a system to functionmake it more difficult for a system to function

  • Prediction:

What goal do many of these protests have?

  • Ground Truth Answers: engage in moral dialogueget their issue onto the tableget their issue onto the table, make it more difficult for a system to function

  • Prediction:

How can you protest against big companies in a non violent way?

  • Ground Truth Answers: padlocking the gatesillegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-insboycottsillegal boycottssit-ins

  • Prediction:

Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases. For example, the suspect may need to decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property, and whether or not to talk to police officers. It is generally agreed within the legal community, and is often believed within the activist community, that a suspect's talking to criminal investigators can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful. However, some civil disobedients have nonetheless found it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions, sometimes due to a lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude. Also, some civil disobedients seek to use the arrest as an opportunity to make an impression on the officers. Thoreau wrote, "My civil neighbor, the tax-gatherer, is the very man I have to deal with--for it is, after all, with men and not with parchment that I quarrel--and he has voluntarily chosen to be an agent of the government. How shall he ever know well that he is and does as an officer of the government, or as a man, until he is obliged to consider whether he will treat me, his neighbor, for whom he has respect, as a neighbor and well-disposed man, or as a maniac and disturber of the peace, and see if he can get over this obstruction to his neighborliness without a ruder and more impetuous thought or speech corresponding with his action."

What type of government investigations apply to civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: criminal investigationsgrant a consent searchgrant a consent searchcriminal investigationsMany of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigationscriminal

  • Prediction:

What is a way you can show police officers civil disobedience ?

  • Ground Truth Answers: not to grant a consent searchnot to talk to police officersnot to talk to police officersnot to talkresist responding to investigators' questionsgrant a consent search

  • Prediction:

What should be avoided when talking to authorities?

  • Ground Truth Answers: suspect's talking to criminal investigatorsresponding to investigators' questionsresponding to investigators' questionsgrant a consent search of his property,talking to criminal investigatorsresponding to investigators' questions

  • Prediction:

What reasons cause failure of the disobedience with authorities?

  • Ground Truth Answers: lack of understanding of the legal ramifications,a suspect's talking to criminal investigatorslack of understandinglack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude.

  • Prediction:

Why do some people purposely resist officers of the law?

  • Ground Truth Answers: use the arrest as an opportunitycivil disobediencecivil disobediencecivil disobediencecivil disobedienceto make an impression

  • Prediction:

Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract, which is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established, or else suffer the penalties set out in the law. Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government still don't believe in the legitimacy of their particular government, or don't believe in the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.

What do some civil disobedient people feel the need to acknowledge.

  • Ground Truth Answers: accept punishmentaccept punishmentpunishmentpunishmentpunishment

  • Prediction:

Why is the need for acceptance of punishment needed?

  • Ground Truth Answers: validity of the social contracttheir belief in the validity of the social contractbecause of their belief in the validity of the social contractbelief in the validity of the social contracttheir belief in the validity of the social contract

  • Prediction:

What do some people protest against?

  • Ground Truth Answers: legitimacy of a particular lawlawlawsthe legitimacy of any government

  • Prediction:

What is the group called that does not agree with government at all?

  • Ground Truth Answers: anarchistsanarchistsanarchistsanarchistsanarchists

  • Prediction:

Anarchists do not want to accept punishment for what reason?

  • Ground Truth Answers: does not infringe the rights of othersdon't believe in the legitimacy of any governmenta violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of otherssee no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of othersa violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.

  • Prediction:

An important decision for civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty. There is much debate on this point, as some believe that it is a civil disobedient's duty to submit to the punishment prescribed by law, while others believe that defending oneself in court will increase the possibility of changing the unjust law. It has also been argued that either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience. ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook states that a civil disobedient who pleads guilty is essentially stating, "Yes, I committed the act of which you accuse me. I don't deny it; in fact, I am proud of it. I feel I did the right thing by violating this particular law; I am guilty as charged," but that pleading not guilty sends a message of, "Guilt implies wrong-doing. I feel I have done no wrong. I may have violated some specific laws, but I am guilty of doing no wrong. I therefore plead not guilty." A plea of no contest is sometimes regarded as a compromise between the two. One defendant accused of illegally protesting nuclear power, when asked to enter his plea, stated, "I plead for the beauty that surrounds us"; this is known as a "creative plea," and will usually be interpreted as a plea of not guilty.

What is an important personal decision for civil disobedients?

  • Ground Truth Answers: whether or not to plead guiltywhether or not to plead guiltywhether or not to plead guiltywhether or not to plead guiltywhether or not to plead guilty.whether or not to plead guilty.

  • Prediction:

Which duty do some people believe civil disobedients have?

  • Ground Truth Answers: submit to the punishment prescribed by lawto submit to the punishment prescribed by lawsubmit to the punishmentto submit to the punishment prescribed by lawto submit to the punishment prescribed by lawto submit to the punishment prescribed by law

  • Prediction:

Why would one plead guilty to a crime involving civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: I feel I did the right thing by violating this particular lawI feel I did the right thing by violating this particular lawproud of itproud of ithave violated some specific laws, but I am guilty of doing no whave violated some specific laws, but I am guilty of doing no w

  • Prediction:

Which reason is given sometimes to plead not guilty involving these matters?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Guilt implies wrong-doingGuilt implies wrong-doingguilty of doing no wrongGuilt implies wrong-doingI may have violated some specific laws, but I am guilty of doing no wrongI may have violated some specific laws, but I am guilty of doing no wrong

  • Prediction:

What third type of plea uses creative words?

  • Ground Truth Answers: creative pleano contestcreative pleacreative pleacreative pleacreative plea

  • Prediction:

When the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada, 13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site knowing that they faced arrest. At a pre-arranged announced time, one at a time they stepped across the "line" and were immediately arrested. They were put on a bus and taken to the Nye County seat of Tonopah, Nevada, and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon. A well known civil rights attorney, Francis Heisler, had volunteered to defend the arrested persons, advising them to plead "nolo contendere", as an alternative to pleading either guilty or not-guilty. The arrested persons were found "guilty," nevertheless, and given suspended sentences, conditional on their not reentering the test site grounds.[citation needed]

Where in Las Vegas did a famous protest take place?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Camp Mercury nuclear test siteCamp Mercury nuclear test siteCamp Mercury nuclear test siteCamp Mercury nuclear test siteCamp Mercury nuclear test site

  • Prediction:

What was the civil disobedience performed at the test site?

  • Ground Truth Answers: tempted to enter the test siteprotesters attempted to enter the test siteattempted to enter the test site13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test siteprotest

  • Prediction:

What was the result of the disobedience protesting the nuclear site?

  • Ground Truth Answers: arrestedarrestwere immediately arrestedone at a time they stepped across the "line" and were immediately arrestedput on a bus and taken to the Nye County seat of Tonopah, Nevada, and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace

  • Prediction:

How did their lawyer suggest they would plea?

  • Ground Truth Answers: nolo contenderenolo contenderenolo contenderenolo contenderenolo contendere

  • Prediction:

What type of sentences were the protesters given?

  • Ground Truth Answers: suspended sentencessuspended sentencessuspendedsuspendedsuspended

  • Prediction:

Howard Zinn writes, "There may be many times when protesters choose to go to jail, as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice. But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience. The key point is that the spirit of protest should be maintained all the way, whether it is done by remaining in jail, or by evading it. To accept jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience, to demean the seriousness of the protest...In particular, the neo-conservative insistence on a guilty plea should be eliminated."

Why do some people chose to go to jail for their disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: a way of continuing their protestcontinuing their protesta way of continuing their protesta way of continuing their protesta way of continuing their protest

  • Prediction:

Going to jail accomplished what goal of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: reminding their countrymen of injusticereminding their countrymen of injusticereminding their countrymen of injusticereminding their countrymen of injusticereminding their countrymen of injustice

  • Prediction:

What is the most important item for civil disobedience to follow through?

  • Ground Truth Answers: protest should be maintained all the wayspirit of protestthe spirit of protest should be maintained all the waythe spirit of protest should be maintained all the wayspirit of protest

  • Prediction:

Why should one not go to jail?

  • Ground Truth Answers: accept jail penitentlyis to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservienceTo accept jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservienceTo accept jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience

  • Prediction:

Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty without any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, "I am here to . . . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen."

What type of punishment is sometimes offered to civil disobedients?

  • Ground Truth Answers: plea bargainplead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail timeplea bargainplea bargainplea bargain

  • Prediction:

What is usually the goal of taking a plea bargain?

  • Ground Truth Answers: no jail timeplead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail timereceive no jail timeno jail timereceive no jail time

  • Prediction:

When many people are arrested, what is a common tactic negotiating?

  • Ground Truth Answers: solidarity tacticssolidarity tacticssolidaritysolidaritysolidarity

  • Prediction:

What type of plea is sometimes taken as an act of disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: blind pleablind pleablind pleablind pleablind plea

  • Prediction:

Which famous Indian took a plea and put himself at the mercy of the courts?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Mohandas GandhiMohandas GandhiMohandas GandhiMohandas GandhiGan

  • Prediction:

Some civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar, a defendant who was involved in a movement to stop military exercises by trespassing on U.S. Navy property argued to the court in allocution that "the ones who are violating the greater law are the members of the Navy". As a result, the judge increased her sentence from 40 to 60 days. This action was upheld because, according to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, her statement suggested a lack of remorse, an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions, and even a likelihood of repeating her illegal actions. Some of the other allocution speeches given by the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials.

What way do some people perform civil disobedience in a constructive way?

  • Ground Truth Answers: defiant speechdefiant speechallocutiondefiant speechdefiant speechdefiant speech

  • Prediction:

Why would one want to give a speech?

  • Ground Truth Answers: explaining their actionsexplaining their actionsmake a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions,explaining their actionsexplaining their actionsexplaining their actions

  • Prediction:

Why is giving a defiant speech sometimes more harmful for the individual?

  • Ground Truth Answers: lack of remorselack of remorsethe judge increased her sentencestatement suggested a lack of remorse

  • Prediction:

Why would one want to give more punishment?

  • Ground Truth Answers: likelihood of repeatinglikelihood of repeating her illegal actionsa lack of remorselack of remorselack of remorse

  • Prediction:

What type of treatment do civil disobedients usually receive?

  • Ground Truth Answers: mistreatment from government officialsmistreatmentmistreatment from government officialssentencemistreatmentmistreatment

  • Prediction:

Steven Barkan writes that if defendants plead not guilty, "they must decide whether their primary goal will be to win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine, or to use the proceedings as a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case and their reasons for breaking the law via civil disobedience." A technical defense may enhance the chances for acquittal but make for more boring proceedings and reduced press coverage. During the Vietnam War era, the Chicago Eight used a political defense, while Benjamin Spock used a technical defense. In countries such as the United States whose laws guarantee the right to a jury trial but do not excuse lawbreaking for political purposes, some civil disobedients seek jury nullification. Over the years, this has been made more difficult by court decisions such as Sparf v. United States, which held that the judge need not inform jurors of their nullification prerogative, and United States v. Dougherty, which held that the judge need not allow defendants to openly seek jury nullification.

What is the primary goal of pleading not guilty when arrested for Civil Disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: acquittal and avoid imprisonmentwin an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fineto use the proceedings as a forumwin an acquittalto win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine

  • Prediction:

What is a secondary goal of pleading not guilty?

  • Ground Truth Answers: use the proceedings as a forumuse the proceedings as a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstanceswin an acquittal and avoid imprisonmentuse the proceedings as a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstancesuse the proceedings as a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case

  • Prediction:

What would someone who is civilly disobedient do in court?

  • Ground Truth Answers: inform the jury and the public of the political circumstancesplead not guiltyplead not guiltyinform the jury and the publicplead not guilty

  • Prediction:

What US war has a large amount of Civil Disobedients?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Vietnam WarVietnam WarVietnam WarVietnam WarVietnam War

  • Prediction:

What can sympathetic Jurors in cases with civil disobedients?

  • Ground Truth Answers: jury nullificationjury nullificationjury nullificationnullificationnullification

  • Prediction:

One theory is that, while disobedience may be helpful, any great amount of it would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bayles argues that if a person violates a law in order to create a test case as to the constitutionality of a law, and then wins his case, then that act did not constitute civil disobedience. It has also been argued that breaking the law for self-gratification, as in the case of a homosexual or cannabis user who does not direct his act at securing the repeal of amendment of the law, is not civil disobedience. Likewise, a protestor who attempts to escape punishment by committing the crime covertly and avoiding attribution, or by denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction, is generally viewed as not being a civil disobedient.

What needs to be avoided with civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: general disobedienceundermine the law by encouraging general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefitgreat amount of itgeneral disobedienceconscientious lawbreakers

  • Prediction:

Why should disobedience by the general public be avoided?

  • Ground Truth Answers: neither conscientious nor of social benefitneither conscientious nor of social benefitany great amount of it would undermine the lawconscientious lawbreakers

  • Prediction:

What is one main reason that civil disobedience is not recognized?

  • Ground Truth Answers: breaking the law for self-gratificationbreaking the law for self-gratificationit would undermine the law by encouraging general disobediencebreaking the law for self-gratification

  • Prediction:

Why should someone not commit a crime when they are protesting?

  • Ground Truth Answers: not being a civil disobedientviewed as not being a civil disobedientconscientious lawbreakers must be punishedit would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedienceconstitute civil disobedience

  • Prediction:

For what reason would someone avoid crimes while protesting?

  • Ground Truth Answers: avoiding attributionviewed as not being a civil disobedientit would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedienceconstitute civil disobedience

  • Prediction:

Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: "Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law." During the Vietnam War, courts typically refused to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment on the basis of their challenging the legality of the Vietnam War; the courts ruled it was a political question. The necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense by civil disobedients to deny guilt without denouncing their politically motivated acts, and to present their political beliefs in the courtroom. However, court cases such as U.S. v. Schoon have greatly curtailed the availability of the political necessity defense. Likewise, when Carter Wentworth was charged for his role in the Clamshell Alliance's 1977 illegal occupation of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant, the judge instructed the jury to disregard his competing harms defense, and he was found guilty. Fully Informed Jury Association activists have sometimes handed out educational leaflets inside courthouses despite admonitions not to; according to FIJA, many of them have escaped prosecution because "prosecutors have reasoned (correctly) that if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters, the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence."

What is violating a law which is not the goal of the protest called?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Indirect civil disobedienceIndirect civil disobedienceIndirect civil disobedienceIndirect civil disobedienceIndirect civil disobedience

  • Prediction:

When the law is a direct target of the protest, what is this called?

  • Ground Truth Answers: direct civil disobediencedirect civil disobediencedirect civil disobediencedirect civil disobediencedirect civil disobedience

  • Prediction:

What US war caused a high amount of civil disobedience?

  • Ground Truth Answers: Vietnam WarVietnam WarVietnam WarVietnam WarVietnam

  • Prediction:

What type of defense is sometimes used in court by protestors?

  • Ground Truth Answers: competing harms defensenecessity defensenecessity defensenecessity

  • Prediction:

Why are people who distribute leaflets inside courthouses not been arrested?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidenceif they arrest fully informed jury leafleters, the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidencethe leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidencethe leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidencethe leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence

  • Prediction:

Along with giving the offender his "just deserts", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment. Brownlee argues, "Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law’s engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person because it focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this law." Leonard Hubert Hoffmann writes, "In deciding whether or not to impose punishment, the most important consideration would be whether it would do more harm than good. This means that the objector has no right not to be punished. It is a matter for the state (including the judges) to decide on utilitarian grounds whether to do so or not."

What is the main goal of criminal punishment of civil disobedients?

  • Ground Truth Answers: incapacitationachieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrenceachieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrenceachieving crime controlachieving crime control

  • Prediction:

What should be the main goal of not using punishment in a just system?

  • Ground Truth Answers: would do more harm than goodwhether it would do more harm than goodit focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this lawwhether it would do more harm than goodwhether it would do more harm than good.

  • Prediction:

Who decides the fate of protesters most of the time?

  • Ground Truth Answers: the statejudgesthe state (including the judges)the judgesjudges

  • Prediction:

What should the punishment rely on instead in a just society?

  • Ground Truth Answers: moral reasons to follow this lawwhether it would do more harm than goodwhether it would do more harm than goodwhether it would do more harm than goodwhether it would do more harm than good

  • Prediction: